{"id":1534,"date":"2023-08-11T17:05:37","date_gmt":"2023-08-11T16:05:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/?page_id=1534"},"modified":"2025-08-21T11:52:00","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T10:52:00","slug":"marcio-a-chymedroli","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/egwyddorion-allweddol\/egwyddor-5-asesu-syn-gyfystyr-a-dysgu\/marcio-a-chymedroli\/","title":{"rendered":"Marcio a Chymedroli"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Dechrau arni<\/h2>\n<p>Mae\u2019r adran hon yn cynnig ystod o adnoddau a chyngor i gynorthwyo a chefnogi staff academaidd ac Ysgolion i wella eu dulliau o farcio a chymedroli.<\/p>\n<p>Mae\u2019r adran hon yn cynnig ystod o adnoddau a chyngor i gynorthwyo a chefnogi staff academaidd ac Ysgolion i wella eu dulliau o farcio a chymedroli:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" style=\"width: 420px;height: 351px\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/files\/2024\/06\/Screenshot-2024-06-11-at-16.59.38.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"#section1\">Polisi Marcio a Chymedroli&#8217;r Brifysgol<\/a><\/h3>\n<h3><a href=\"#section2\">Canllawiau ar daatblygu a defnyddiomeini prawf asesu<\/a><\/h3>\n<h3><a href=\"#section3\">Cymedroli a graddnosi cymdeithasol<\/a><\/h3>\n<h3><a href=\"#section4\">Cyfarwyddebau<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>I gefnogi\u2019r gweithgareddau hyn, gellir cael cyngor ac arweiniad pellach gan yr Academi Dysgu ac Addysgu (e-bost<a href=\"mailto:LTAcademy@Cardiff.ac.uk\">LTAcademy@Caerdydd.ac.uk<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>Mae&#8217;r adran Archwilio&#8217;n Ddyfnach ar waelod y dudalen yn cynnwys darllen pellach ac adnoddau defnyddiol, gan gynnwys meini prawf asesu cyffredinol esiampl a ddatblygwyd yn ddiweddar gan Ysgolion, a Ffurflen Microsoft ar gyfer defnydd gyda gweithgareddau moddiant cymdeithasol.<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"#section5\">Archwilio\u2019n Ddyfnach<\/a><\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"section1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/intranet.cardiff.ac.uk\/cy\/staff\/supporting-your-work\/teach-and-support-students\/teach-and-assess-students\/assessment-and-feedback\/marking-assessments\/moderation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Polisi Marcio a Chymedroli&#8217;r Brifysgol<\/a><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" style=\"width: 302px;height: 417px\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/files\/2024\/06\/Screenshot-2024-06-11-at-16.42.59.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Fel y&#8217;i cymeradwywyd gan y Senedd, Tachwedd 2023<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"section2\"><strong>Canllawiau ar ddatblygu a defnyddio meini prawf asesu<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Mae nifer o wahanol ffyrdd y gall Ysgolion\/Rhaglenni ddatblygu meini prawf i gefnogi marcio cyson mewn asesiadau \u2018goddrychol\u2019.\u00a0 Mae&#8217;r adran hon wedi&#8217;i llunio i gefnogi Ysgolion i fodloni&#8217;r gofynion sylfaenol a nodir ym Mholisi Marcio a Chymedroli&#8217;r Brifysgol, ac i&#8217;w harwain pan fydd angen iddynt fynd y tu hwnt i&#8217;r rhain. Mae\u2019n cynnwys cyngor ac arweiniad ar ystod o weithgareddau y gall Ysgolion ddewis eu mabwysiadu, sydd wedi\u2019u nodi fel enghreifftiau o arfer effeithiol.<\/p>\n<p>Yn ogystal \u00e2&#8217;r canllawiau hyn, mae ystod eang o gymorth a chefnogaeth bwrpasol i weithredu&#8217;r Polisi Marcio a Chymedroli ar gael gan yr Academi Dysgu ac Addysgu.\u00a0 Cynghorir staff felly i gysylltu a gweithio gyda chydweithwyr yn yr Academi i gefnogi gweithrediad y Polisi (e-bost <a href=\"mailto:LTAcademy@Cardiff.ac.uk\">LTAcademy@Caerdydd.ac.uk<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<div class=\"accordion accordion-accessible\"><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-guidance-on-developing-and-employing-assessment-criteria-cy-1\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Beth sydd angen ei gynhyrchu?<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-guidance-on-developing-and-employing-assessment-criteria-cy-1\"><h3><strong>Meini Prawf Cyffredinol Ysgol\/Rhaglen<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Bydd<\/strong> gan bob Ysgol set o feini prawf asesu generig, a byddant ar gael i fyfyrwyr er mwyn rhoi syniad cyffredinol o'r safonau academaidd y disgwylir i fyfyrwyr eu harddangos mewn gwaith a asesir.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Meini Prawf Cyffredinol<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bydd meini prawf cyffredinol fel arfer yn canolbwyntio ar y canlynol:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>gwybodaeth a dealltwriaeth<\/li>\n<li>sgiliau gwybyddol<\/li>\n<li>sgiliau ymarferol<\/li>\n<li>sgiliau trosglwyddadwy<\/li>\n<li>chymwyseddau proffesiynol, (lle y bo'n berthnasol)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Gall Ysgolion ddewis y meini prawf sydd fwyaf priodol i'w rhaglenni, yn dibynnu, er enghraifft, a yw'r pwyslais yn fwy academaidd neu\u2019n ymarferol. Gellir datblygu meini prawf gwahanol ar gyfer gwahanol raglenni yn \u00f4l yr angen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;\">Ar gyfer dyfarniadau israddedig, dylai Ysgolion ddatblygu disgrifyddion ar gyfer y priodoleddau a ddewiswyd ar lefelau 4, 5, a 6, gan gwmpasu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dosbarth cyntaf uchel (1<sup>af<\/sup>): 80%+<\/li>\n<li>Anrhydedd dosbarth cyntaf (1af): 70-79%<\/li>\n<li>Anrhydedd ail ddosbarth uwch (2:1): 60-69%<\/li>\n<li>Anrhydedd ail ddosbarth is (2:2): 50-59%<\/li>\n<li>Anrhydedd trydydd dosbarth (3ydd) 40-49%<\/li>\n<li>Methu o drwch blewyn: 30-39%<\/li>\n<li>Methu: 0-29%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;\">Ar gyfer dyfarniadau israddedig, dylai Ysgolion ddatblygu disgrifyddion ar gyfer y priodoleddau a ddewiswyd, gan gwmpasu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rhagoriaeth uchel - 80%+<\/li>\n<li>Rhagoriaeth: 70-79%<\/li>\n<li>Teilyngdod: 60-69%<\/li>\n<li>Llwyddo: 50-59%<\/li>\n<li>Methu o drwch blewyn: 40-49%<\/li>\n<li>Methu: 0-39%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;\" colspan=\"2\">Dylai disgrifyddion ar bob lefel fod gyfochrog a disgrifyddion y dyfarniadau yn <a href=\"https:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/the-quality-code\/qualifications-frameworks\">\u00a0Fframweithiau ar gyfer Cymwysterau Addysg Uwch Cyrff Dyfarnu Graddau'r DU<\/a>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-guidance-on-developing-and-employing-assessment-criteria-cy-2\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Yr hyn rydym yn eich cynghori i'w gynhyrchu<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-guidance-on-developing-and-employing-assessment-criteria-cy-2\"><h3><span class=\"TextRun SCXW110323248 BCX0\" lang=\"CY-GB\" xml:lang=\"CY-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW110323248 BCX0\">Meini Prawf sy\u2019n Benodol i Dasg<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW110323248 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 80%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;\" colspan=\"2\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW154717098 BCX0\" lang=\"CY-GB\" xml:lang=\"CY-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW154717098 BCX0\">Mae\u2019n arfer da i staff ddatblygu a sicrhau bod meini prawf asesu tasg benodol ar gael i fyfyrwyr, a mabwysiadu dull cyd-greu at hyn gyda myfyrwyr, i roi syniad o\u2019r safonau academaidd y disgwylir i fyfyrwyr eu harddangos yn yr asesiad hwnnw.\u202f Dylai meini prawf penodol i dasg fod yn gyson \u00e2 chanlyniadau dysgu'r modiwl sy'n cael eu hasesu yn y dasg honno.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ar gyfer dyfarniadau israddedig, dylai staff ddatblygu disgrifyddion sy'n briodol i lefel y modiwl hwnnw sy'n cyd-fynd \u00e2'r canlyniadau dysgu sy'n cael eu hasesu yn y dasg honno, sy'n cwmpasu:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Methu<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> (0-29)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Methu o drwch blewyn - 30-39%<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Anrhydedd trydydd dosbarth (3<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">ydd<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">) - 40-49%<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Anrhydedd ail ddosbarth is (2.2) - 50-59%<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Anrhydedd ail ddosbarth uwch (2.1) - 60-69%<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Anrhydedd dosbarth cyntaf (1af) - 70-79%<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Gwaith dosbarth cyntaf uchel (1af) \u2013 80%+<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ar gyfer dyfarniadau \u00f4l-raddedig a addysgir, dylai staff ddatblygu disgrifyddion sy\u2019n cyd-fynd \u00e2\u2019r canlyniadau dysgu sy\u2019n cael eu hasesu yn y dasg honno, sy\u2019n cwmpasu:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Methu<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> (0-39)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Methu o drwch blewyn - 40-49%<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Llwyddo - 50-59%<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Teilyngdod - 60-69%\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Rhagoriaeth - 70-79%<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Rhagoriaeth uchel - 80%+<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW109312227 BCX0\" lang=\"CY-GB\" xml:lang=\"CY-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW109312227 BCX0\">Mae rhagor o wybodaeth a nifer o astudiaethau achos sy\u2019n trafod cyd-greu wrth asesuar gael <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/key-principles\/principle-5-assessment-as-learning\/co-creation-in-assessment\/\">yma<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-guidance-on-developing-and-employing-assessment-criteria-cy-3\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Sut i ddatblygu meini prawf a chyfarwyddiadau asesu da<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-guidance-on-developing-and-employing-assessment-criteria-cy-3\"><p>Gwerthfawrogir meini prawf asesu da a chlir gan fyfyrwyr ac maent yn gymorth i sicrhau bod asesiadau'n cael eu hystyried yn deg, yn dryloyw ac yn gyson.<\/p>\n<p><u>Dylai meini prawf asesu wedi'u cynllunio'n dda fod yn:<\/u><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\n        <div class=\"cu_tabs\">\n               \n        <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs\" role=\"tablist\">\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link active\" href=\"#content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-1\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-1\">Gysylltiedig \u00e2 Deilliannau Dysgu <\/a><\/li>\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link \" href=\"#content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-2\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-2\"> Eglur<\/a><\/li>\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link \" href=\"#content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-3\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-3\">Cyfannol <\/a><\/li>\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link \" href=\"#content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-4\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-4\">An-wrthrychol <\/a><\/li>\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link \" href=\"#content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-5\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-5\">Creadigol <\/a><\/li>\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link \" href=\"#content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-6\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-6\">'Pasio' Sylfaenol yn Gyntaf <\/a><\/li><\/ul> <div class=\"tab-content\">\n        <div class=\"tab-pane active\" id=\"content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-1\">\n        <p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cwestiwn (cwestiynau) i ofyn:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pa mor dda y mae\u2019r meini prawf yn cyd-fynd \u00e2 deilliannau dysgu\u2019r rhaglen\/modiwl?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae hyn yn golygu:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dylai meini prawf cyffredinol yr Ysgol \/ Rhaglen gyd-fynd \u00e2 deilliannau dysgu\u2019r rhaglen, tra dylai meini prawf sy\u2019n benodol i dasg gyd-fynd \u00e2 deilliannau dysgu\u2019r modiwl sy\u2019n cael eu hasesu yn y dasg honno. Mae bod yn gyson wrth gyfateb y deilliannau dysgu i'r meini prawf asesu yn helpu i annog eglurder.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"tab-pane \" id=\"content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-2\">\n        <p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cwestiwn (cwestiynau) i ofyn:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ydy\u2019r meini prawf yn weladwy ac yn fesuradwy?\u200b<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Os bydd y meini prawf yn cael eu ddefnyddio ar gyfer tasgau tebyg ar draws y rhaglen, a oes cysondeb yn y defnydd o iaith, gan hybu gallu myfyrwyr i hunanasesu ar eu cynnydd?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A fydd y meini prawf ar gael i\u2019w drafod ym mriffiau\u2019r aseiniad?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae hyn yn golygu:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dylai'r meini prawf fod yn glir ac yn ddealladwy i fyfyrwyr a rhanddeiliaid eraill. Dylech chi roi ystyriaeth i\u2019r lefel o fanylder: bydd angen i fyfyrwyr ddeall yr hyn y mae disgwyl iddyn nhw wneud, tra eu bod ar yr un pryd yn gallu rheoli\u2019r baich gwybyddol.\u202f Dylech chi gyfyngu ar nifer y meini prawf sydd ynghlwm wrth dasg benodol, er mwyn sicrhau bod y rhain yn glir i fyfyrwyr a bod modd i farcwyr eu rheoli.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"tab-pane \" id=\"content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-3\">\n        <p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cwestiwn (cwestiynau) i ofyn:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ydy\u2019r nifer o feini prawf yn hawdd ei drin (mae rhwng 3 a 6 meini prawf yn cyrraedd cydbwysedd da i osgoi bod yn rhy gymhleth ac i sicrhau bod gwahaniaethau ystyrlon rhwng y meini prawf)?\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A oes gwahaniaeth amlwg rhwng y meini prawf neu ydyn nhw\u2019n gorgyffwrdd?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ydy\u2019r meini prawf yn berthnasol i natur y dasg\/math ac amrywiaeth yr asesiadau ar draws y rhaglen?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae hyn yn golygu:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Bydd angen i\u2019r meini prawf fod yn ddigon gwahanol i\u2019w gilydd, i sicrhau, eu bod yn caniat\u00e1u dull mwy cyfannol o farcio. Mae angen i fyfyrwyr weld y meini prawf fel arwydd o gyflawniad yn hytrach na mesuriad manwl gywir.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"tab-pane \" id=\"content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-4\">\n        <p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cwestiwn (cwestiynau) i ofyn:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"9\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ydy\u2019r meini prawf yn osgoi disgrifyddion goddrychol? (e.e. 'Ardderchog', 'da iawn', 'gweddol')?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ydy\u2019r meini prawf yn osgoi cyfeirio at ansawdd (e.e. yn rhesymegol, yn effeithiol)?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae hyn yn golygu:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Lle y bo modd, yn osgoi disgrifyddion cwbl oddrychol, gan fod y rhain yn agored i wahanol ddehongliadau a gallan nhw annog staff i ffitio marciau arfaethedig i feini prawf yn \u00f4l-weithredol.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"tab-pane \" id=\"content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-5\">\n        <p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae hyn yn golygu:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dylai\u2019r meini prawf annog myfyrwyr i ddangos creadigrwydd, natur ddigymell a gwreiddioldeb. Yn arbennig o bwysig ar lefelau 6 a 7, gall meini prawf asesu sy'n osgoi'r rhain gyfyngu ar ddysgwyr neu eu hatal.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"tab-pane \" id=\"content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-6\">\n        <p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cwestiwn (cwestiynau) i ofyn:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ydy\u2019r meini prawf yn briodol ar gyfer y lefel astudio?\u200b<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae hyn yn golygu:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dylai\u2019r meini prawf gael eu creu trwy ddatblygu'r disgrifydd ar gyfer y marc pasio sylfaenol yn gyntaf. Defnyddiwch hwn i ddangos beth sydd ei angen ar lefel pasio, ond mewn ffordd gadarnhaol.\u202f Ceisiwch osgoi termau fel 'annigonol', 'cyfyngedig', 'anghywir', sydd yn cael eu defnyddio\u2019n fwy nodweddiadol i ddisgrifio gwaith nad yw wedi bodloni'r deilliannau dysgu.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW113906605 BCX0\" lang=\"CY-GB\" xml:lang=\"CY-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW113906605 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">O safbwynt ymarferol, gall fod yn ddefnyddiol i staff gynllunio meini prawf i ddechrau drwy greu grid gyda chydweithiwr\/cydweithwyr.\u202f Gall cymryd rhan mewn trafodaeth helpu rhywun i fynegi syniadau anodd.\u202f Ar \u00f4l drafftio eich set o feini prawf, mae'n ddefnyddiol gofyn y cwestiwn hollbwysig i <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW113906605 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">chi'ch<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW113906605 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\"> hun: a yw'r meini prawf yn galluogi myfyrwyr i nodi pa mor dda maen nhw wedi gwneud rhywbeth?\u202f Os byddwch yn ei chael hi'n anodd gwneud hyn, efallai y bydd angen rhywfaint o waith pellach ar y meini prawf.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW113906605 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-guidance-on-developing-and-employing-assessment-criteria-cy-4\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Creu meini prawf asesu ar y cyd \u00e2 myfyrwyr:<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-guidance-on-developing-and-employing-assessment-criteria-cy-4\"><p>Sut y gallai hyn weithio:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>myfyrwyr yn darllen asesiadau sampl ac yn eu defnyddio i benderfynu ar feini prawf marcio<\/li>\n<li>pwyllgor o fyfyrwyr yn datblygu meini prawf marcio, a fyddai wedyn yn cael eu cymharu \u00e2 fersiwn staff, ac fe gaiff fersiwn derfynol ei thrafod<\/li>\n<li>meini prawf marcio\u2019r myfyrwyr yn cael eu defnyddio ar gyfer asesu gan gymheiriaid a hunanasesu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Darllenwch <a href=\"https:\/\/insight.cumbria.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/1700\/1\/Chapman_CocreationOfMarking.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yma<\/a> am brosiect ym Mhrifysgol Cumbria lle\u2019r oedd staff a myfyrwyr yn cyd-greu meini prawf asesu, gan ddod i\u2019r casgliad bod y fersiwn staff yn rhy gymhleth, gan ddefnyddio disgwrs academaidd, a fersiwn y myfyrwyr yn rhy syml, a bod angen gwneud y meini prawf yn hygyrch i fyfyrwyr - gan ystyried y cwestiwn, 'Ar gyfer pwy mae'r [meini prawf] hyn wedi'u creu?'<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-guidance-on-developing-and-employing-assessment-criteria-cy-5\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Defnyddio meini prawf ar gyfer marcio a safoni<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-guidance-on-developing-and-employing-assessment-criteria-cy-5\"><p>Mae cael meini prawf clir da yn elfen bwysig o'r cymorth i farcio.\u00a0 Fodd bynnag, mae yr un mor bwysig ystyried sut y caiff y rhain eu defnyddio; mae hyn yn allweddol i farcio a chymedroli teg a chyson.\u00a0 Cyflawnir hyn drwy:<\/p>\n<p><u>Cyn marcio<\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sicrhau bod pob marciwr yn rhannu dealltwriaeth o safonau academaidd, trwy gynnal ymarferion cymedroli cymdeithasol a\/neu drwy brofi'r meini prawf yn erbyn sampl gychwynnol;<\/li>\n<li>Sicrhau bod myfyrwyr yn gwybod lle gellir cyrchu\u2019r meini prawf, a\u2019u hatgoffa o r\u00f4l barn academaidd wrth farcio.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>Yn ystod y marcio cychwynnol<\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Adolygu'r marciau yr ydych yn bwriadu eu dyfarnu i'r ychydig bapurau cyntaf a farciwyd er mwyn sicrhau bod eich barn yn gyson \u00e2'r meini prawf;<\/li>\n<li>Pan fyddwch hanner ffordd drwy'r marcio, drwy ddychwelyd at sampl fach ac adolygu'r rhain, sicrhau bod y marcio'n parhau i fod yn gyson \u00e2'r meini prawf ac nad yw barnau wedi newid yn ystod y broses farcio;<\/li>\n<li>(Wrth farcio fel t\u00eem) adolygu'r canlyniadau a gafwyd ar unrhyw bapurau 'rheoli', naill ai i alluogi cymharu gwahanol farcwyr a\/neu i 'ail-raddnodi' dealltwriaeth;<\/li>\n<li>Datblygu sylwadau adborth sy'n ymwneud \u00e2 meini prawf penodol, er mwyn helpu myfyrwyr i ddefnyddio adborth yn well i lwyddo mewn meysydd penodol. (Cofiwch fodd bynnag, na chaiff adborth ei ddarparu ac na ddylid ei ddarparu fel sylwadau sy\u2019n ceisio esbonio a\/neu gyfiawnhau\u2019r marc yn unig.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>Ar \u00f4l marcio cychwynnol<\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cwblhau'r adrannau perthnasol yn y profforma safoni ac yna ei darparu, ynghyd \u00e2 mynediad i'r sgriptiau sy'n cael eu safoni, i'r safonwr(wyr);<\/li>\n<li>Cael y safonwr\/cymedrolwyr wedyn i lenwi\u2019r ffurflen ac yna trefnu i gyfarfod a thrafod y canlyniadau o hyn gyda\u2019r marciwr cyntaf, (mae llawer o astudiaethau ymchwil wedi dangos bod bodloni safonau a\u2019u trafod yn agored ac yn onest yn allweddol i ddatblygu\u2019r ddealltwriaeth gyffredin o safonau);<\/li>\n<li>Sicrhau bod y ffurflen wedi'i chwblhau ar gael i arholwyr allanol;<\/li>\n<li>Bod Byrddau Arholi yn adolygu, a lle bo\u2019n berthnasol, yn diweddaru eu meini prawf yn flynyddol i sicrhau eu bod yn cyfleu disgwyliadau yn gywir, ac yn parhau i fod yn gyson \u00e2 disgwyliadau\u2019r sector;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[N.B.\u00a0 Mae llawer o'r ymchwil i gymedroli wedi amlygu'r angen i gynnal cyfarfodydd a thrafodaethau rhwng marcwyr mewn ffordd agored, barchus a thryloyw.\u00a0 Mae ymchwil wedi dangos ymhellach y gall 'marcio dall dwbl' arwain at amddiffyniad ar ran ail farcwyr; marcwyr yn osgoi marciau uchel iawn neu isel a allai awgrymu marcio nad yw'n cyd-fynd \u00e2'r meini prawf.\u00a0 Fodd bynnag, mae marciau isel iawn neu uchel iawn hefyd yn cael eu hosgoi gan ail farcwyr sydd eisoes yn gwybod y marc cyntaf; bod eu dyfarniad wedi cael ei ddylanwadu gan y dyfarniad gwreiddiol.]<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><\/div>\n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-info with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg class=\"icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" viewBox=\"0 0 793 696\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" 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d=\"M636.253,34.5904c-47.169-47.1687-122.638-47.1687-168.759,0L366.868,134.169c-4.193,4.192-5.241,8.385-5.241,13.626s2.096,9.434,5.241,13.627c7.337,8.385,20.963,7.337,28.301,0l53.458-53.458c2.096-2.097,7.337-3.145,9.433-1.048c3.145,3.144,3.145,7.337,1.048,10.482l-83.855,83.855c-4.193,4.193-5.241,8.386-5.241,13.627c0,5.24,2.096,9.433,5.241,13.626c7.337,8.386,20.964,7.337,28.301,0l82.808-82.807c3.144-3.145,7.337-3.145,10.481,0c3.145,3.144,3.145,7.337,0,10.482L384.687,266.241c-4.193,4.193-5.241,8.386-5.241,13.626c0,5.241,2.096,9.434,5.241,13.627c7.337,7.337,19.915,7.337,27.253,0L523.048,182.386c2.097-2.097,7.338-3.145,9.434-1.049c3.145,3.145,3.145,7.338,1.048,10.482l-93.289,94.338c-4.193,4.192-5.241,8.385-5.241,13.626s2.096,9.434,5.241,13.627c7.337,7.337,19.916,7.337,27.253,0l121.59-121.591c7.338-7.337,20.964,1.048,16.771,10.482l-14.674,37.735c-2.097,5.241-2.097,10.482,0,14.675c2.096,4.193,5.241,8.385,10.482,10.482c10.482,4.193,20.964-1.048,25.156-10.482l35.639-91.193c17.819-44.024,7.337-94.3373-26.205-128.9276v0Z\" transform=\"matrix(1.13937 0 0 1 503.331 1752.58)\" fill=\"url(#etZNF97Wf1q6-fill)\"\/><\/g><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Awgrym Cynwysoldeb<\/h3>                <p>Mae meithrin amgylchedd lle mae myfyrwyr yn teimlo eu bod wedi'u grymuso'n ddigonol i gyfrannu yn hollbwysig wrth hyrwyddo dysgu cynhwysol.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg class=\"icon\"  xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 96\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\"><g><path d=\"M48,20c1.1,0,2,.9,2,2s-.9,2-2,2-2-.9-2-2s.9-2,2-2ZM60,80c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2h-7v-50.8c.9-.5,1.7-1.3,2.2-2.2h19.2L66.8,54h4.1l4.4-22.8L80.9,54h4.1L77.7,25h1.3c1.7,0,3-1.3,3-3s-1.3-3-3-3h-25.8c-.5-.9-1.3-1.7-2.2-2.2v-5.8c0-1.7-1.3-3-3-3s-3,1.3-3,3v5.8c-.9.5-1.7,1.3-2.2,2.2L17,19c-1.7,0-3,1.3-3,3c0,1.4,1,2.7,2.4,2.9L10.7,54h4.1l4.4-22.8L24.9,54h4.1L21.7,25h21c.5.9,1.3,1.7,2.2,2.2v50.8h-7c-1.1,0-2,.9-2,2v2L24,82v6h48v-6h-12v-2Z\"\/><path d=\"M32,57h-24c0,3.3,5.4,6,12,6s12-2.7,12-6Z\"\/><path d=\"M64,57c0,3.3,5.4,6,12,6s12-2.7,12-6h-24Z\"\/><\/g><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Awgrym cynaliadwyedd<\/h3>                <p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"CY\">Gall cynnwys myfyrwyr mewn cyd-adeiladu wella strategaethau dysgu hunan-reoledig sy'n darparu'r sylfaen ar gyfer datblygu gwybodaeth gynaliadwy a dysgu gydol oes.<\/span><\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"section3\"><strong>Canllawiau ar Gymedroli a Graddnodi Cymdeithasol<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>\u201cMae asesu yn dibynnu i raddau helaeth ar farn broffesiynol. Mae hyder mewn barn o\u2019r fath yn gofyn am sefydlu fforymau priodol ar gyfer datblygu a rhannu safonau o fewn a rhwng cymunedau disgyblaethol a phroffesiynol.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\">Tenet 6: Price et al (2008)<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mark Freeman explains the calibration process in Australia\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YoQW61lqTAE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-success with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg class=\"icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 30 30\"><title>Globe<\/title><path d=\"M15,2a15,15,0,1,1,0,30A15,15,0,0,1,0,17,15,15,0,0,1,15,2ZM10.34,7.44L10,8a5.88,5.88,0,0,0-.31.63C9.53,9.06,9.31,9.53,9.16,10H14V4.16a2.78,2.78,0,0,0-.66.25,5,5,0,0,0-.69.41,6.52,6.52,0,0,0-1.22,1.09,10.24,10.24,0,0,0-1.09,1.53h0ZM16,10h4.84c-0.09-.22-0.16-0.47-0.25-0.69A12.87,12.87,0,0,0,20,8a5.49,5.49,0,0,1-.34-0.56,10.13,10.13,0,0,0-1.09-1.53,6.55,6.55,0,0,0-1.22-1.09,7.68,7.68,0,0,0-.66-0.41A3.67,3.67,0,0,0,16,4.16V10h0ZM5.81,7.81q-0.52.52-.94,1C4.59,9.22,4.28,9.63,4,10H7A15.68,15.68,0,0,1,8.09,7.44,11.33,11.33,0,0,1,9.41,5.28,11.54,11.54,0,0,0,7.5,6.38,10.52,10.52,0,0,0,5.81,7.81ZM23,10h3c-0.25-.37-0.56-0.78-0.84-1.16a13.7,13.7,0,0,0-.94-1A10.58,10.58,0,0,0,22.5,6.38a11.51,11.51,0,0,0-1.91-1.09,13.28,13.28,0,0,1,1.34,2.16A19,19,0,0,1,23,10h0ZM6.5,12H3a9,9,0,0,0-.62,2A10.61,10.61,0,0,0,2,16H6a14.66,14.66,0,0,1,.16-2.06c0.09-.66.19-1.31,0.31-1.94h0ZM14,12H8.56c-0.16.63-.25,1.31-0.34,2A10.67,10.67,0,0,0,8,16h6V12h0Zm2,0v4h6a14.19,14.19,0,0,0-.16-2c-0.12-.66-0.22-1.34-0.37-2H16Zm8,4h4a13.75,13.75,0,0,0-.31-2A11.21,11.21,0,0,0,27,12H23.5c0.13,0.63.22,1.28,0.31,1.94A14.51,14.51,0,0,1,24,16h0ZM3,22H6.5c-0.12-.62-0.22-1.28-0.31-1.94A14.51,14.51,0,0,1,6,18H2a10.6,10.6,0,0,0,.34,2A9,9,0,0,0,3,22H3Zm11-4H8a10.67,10.67,0,0,0,.19,2c0.09,0.66.19,1.34,0.34,2H14V18h0Zm2,4h5.44c0.16-.62.25-1.31,0.38-2A14.06,14.06,0,0,0,22,18H16v4Zm7.5,0H27a11.21,11.21,0,0,0,.66-2A13.9,13.9,0,0,0,28,18H24a14.66,14.66,0,0,1-.16,2.06c-0.09.66-.19,1.31-0.31,1.94h0ZM7,24H4c0.25,0.38.56,0.78,0.84,1.13a9.9,9.9,0,0,0,.94,1.06A10.58,10.58,0,0,0,7.5,27.63a11.51,11.51,0,0,0,1.91,1.09,11.33,11.33,0,0,1-1.31-2.16A15.79,15.79,0,0,1,7,24H7Zm2.12,0,0.28,0.69A7,7,0,0,0,10,26c0.09,0.22.22,0.41,0.31,0.59a9.78,9.78,0,0,0,1.09,1.5,6.78,6.78,0,0,0,1.22,1.13,3,3,0,0,0,.69.38,2,2,0,0,0,.66.28V24H9.16Zm10.5,2.56c0.09-.19.22-0.37,0.34-0.59s0.22-.41.31-0.62c0.19-.44.38-0.87,0.53-1.34H16v5.84a2.45,2.45,0,0,0,.69-0.28,3.51,3.51,0,0,0,.66-0.37,6.78,6.78,0,0,0,1.22-1.12,9.78,9.78,0,0,0,1.09-1.5h0Zm4.53-.37a10,10,0,0,0,.94-1.06c0.28-.34.59-0.75,0.84-1.12H23a19.07,19.07,0,0,1-1,2.56,13.28,13.28,0,0,1-1.34,2.16,11.54,11.54,0,0,0,1.91-1.09,10.52,10.52,0,0,0,1.69-1.44h0Z\" transform=\"translate(0 -2)\"><\/path><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Myfyrio<\/h3>                <p class=\"MsoNormal\">Ydych chi wedi profi proses galibro debyg i'r arddangosiad yn y fideo?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Beth yw manteision cymryd rhan mewn graddnodi?<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Allwch chi feddwl am unrhyw rwystrau i gymryd rhan mewn ymarferion graddnodi?<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n<p>Nod Polisi Marcio a Chymedroli&#8217;r Brifysgol yw sicrhau bod gan bob marciwr hyder wrth asesu gwaith myfyrwyr, a&#8217;u bod yn deg ac yn gyson yn eu barn.\u00a0 Mae&#8217;n ceisio cyflawni hyn trwy roi mwy o bwyslais ar yr ymarferion a wneir cyn marcio, megis <u>graddnodi<\/u> a <u>chymedroli cymdeithasol<\/u>.<\/p>\n<p>Mae&#8217;r nodyn hwn yn rhoi gwybodaeth am nifer o wahanol ffyrdd y gellir cynnal gweithgareddau graddnodi a chymedroli cymdeithasol, yn dibynnu ar niferoedd, dulliau asesu, a disgyblaeth.\u00a0 Yn benodol, mae rhan gyntaf y canllawiau hyn yn rhoi rhagor o wybodaeth am sut mae digwyddiadau calibradu blynyddol yn gweithredu; mae&#8217;r cyfarfodydd hyn yn cael eu hystyried yn rhagflaenydd hanfodol i&#8217;r gweithgareddau y mae&#8217;r <a href=\"https:\/\/intranet.cardiff.ac.uk\/intranet\/staff\/documents\/Polisi-Marcio-a-Chymedroli.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>Polisi Marcio a Chymedroli<\/u> <\/a>yn gofyn amdanynt ar fodiwlau unigol.\u00a0 I gefnogi\u2019r holl weithgareddau hyn, gellir cael cyngor ac arweiniad pellach gan yr Academi Dysgu ac Addysgu (e-bost <a href=\"mailto:LTAcademy@Cardiff.ac.uk\">LTAcademy@Caerdydd.ac.uk<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Ymarferion &#8216;calibradu strwythuredig&#8217; blynyddol<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Er y gellir cynnal yr ymarferion hyn mewn nifer o wahanol ffyrdd, yn nodweddiadol, mae\u2019r gweithdai hyn yn cynnwys pob marciwr yn gyntaf a nifer fach o gyflwyniadau presennol, yna cydweithio i drafod, cyd-drafod, a (gobeithio) cytuno ar farc ar gyfer pob un o\u2019r asesiadau.\u00a0 Mae&#8217;r rhestr isod yn rhoi <strong>rhagor o fanylion am bob un o&#8217;r camau a gyflawnir mewn cyfarfod graddnodi strwythuredig<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"accordion accordion-accessible\"><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-annual-structured-calibration-exercises-cy-1\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Nodi'r ffocws a'r deunyddiau a ddefnyddir yn y gweithdy.<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-annual-structured-calibration-exercises-cy-1\"><p>Er bod cyfarfodydd graddnodi yn cael eu cynnal wyneb yn wyneb fel arfer (ac yn elwa o'r rhyngweithio cymdeithasol y maent yn helpu i'w gynhyrchu), gellir ymgymryd \u00e2'r rhan fwyaf o'r camau paratoi a'r camau cychwynnol ar-lein.\u00a0 Yn gyntaf, mae angen i chi nodi'r modiwl a'r sgriptiau yr hoffech eu defnyddio yn y gweithdy.\u00a0 Er enghraifft, efallai y byddwch am ganolbwyntio ar brosiectau blwyddyn olaf neu draethodau hir, yn yr un modd, gallech ddewis modiwl lefel 4 o flwyddyn 1; yn dibynnu ar ble mae marcio cyson wedi'i nodi fel mater posibl.\u00a0 Pa fodiwl bynnag a ddewisir, bydd angen i chi gytuno ar hyn ag arweinydd y modiwl a nodi'r sgriptiau penodol y byddwch yn gofyn i gydweithwyr eu hailfarcio.\u00a0 Rhaid dileu hunaniaeth myfyrwyr o'r sgriptiau cyn i'r rhain gael eu dosbarthu, ynghyd \u00e2 chanlyniadau dysgu'r modiwl, y briff asesu, meini prawf asesu perthnasol a dogfennau cyfeirio allweddol eraill i gydweithwyr sydd ar fin mynychu'r gweithdy.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">SYNIADAU ac AWGRYMIADAU<\/span><\/strong> \u2013 Mae'r dewis o fodiwlau a sgriptiau yn bwysig; yn yr ystyr y bydd angen i chi sicrhau bod staff yn ddigon cyfarwydd \u00e2'r deunydd pwnc i allu marcio'r enghreifftiau a chael amser i gwblhau'r marcio hwn.\u00a0 Felly, gall fod yn demtasiwn dewis darn byr o waith o fodiwl blwyddyn un.\u00a0 Fodd bynnag, efallai y bydd llai o werth wrth ddewis gwaith blwyddyn gyntaf, o ystyried nad yw'n cyfrannu at ddosbarthiadau gradd a gallai fod yn llai amrywiol ei natur.\u00a0 Efallai y byddwch hefyd am ddewis sgriptiau a farciwyd yn wreiddiol mor agos at y marc pasio a\/neu ffiniau eraill.\u00a0 Bydd gwneud hynny yn rhoi cyfle i chi nodi a rhannu'n well y nodweddion sy'n helpu i ddiffinio sgriptiau ar y pwyntiau hyn.\u00a0 Cynhwyswch ddyddiad cau clir erbyn pryd y bydd yr holl staff yn nodi eu marciau ar gyfer yr asesiadau hyn.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-annual-structured-calibration-exercises-cy-2\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Dosbarthu'r deunyddiau a chofnodi'r canlyniadau o'r rhag-waith<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-annual-structured-calibration-exercises-cy-2\"><p>Ar \u00f4l nodi'r sgriptiau a ddefnyddir yn y gweithdy, mae angen dosbarthu cop\u00efau o'r rhain i'r holl fynychwyr sydd wedi'u hamserlennu, gyda chais iddynt farcio'r gwaith cyn y digwyddiad a nodi eu marc gyda sylwadau cryno trwy system ar-lein.\u00a0 Mae enghraifft o ddefnyddio <em>Microsoft Forms<\/em> (sydd hefyd wedi'i dylunio fel y gellir crynhoi canlyniadau'r ymarfer hwn a'u harddangos ar sgrin) ynghlwm wrth y nodyn canllaw hwn.\u00a0 Mae croeso i chi ddefnyddio'r patrwm hwn ar gyfer eich digwyddiad graddnodi.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">SYNIADAU AC AWGRYMIADAU<\/span><\/strong> \u2013 Er mwyn sicrhau bod gan staff yr amser sydd ei angen arnynt i gwblhau'r marcio cyn y digwyddiad, gwnewch yn si\u0175r bod y sgriptiau'n cael eu dosbarthu ymhell cyn amser y gweithdy wyneb yn wyneb.\u00a0 Dylech hefyd ofyn i staff beidio \u00e2 thrafod eu marc na'u sylwadau gyda chydweithwyr cyn y digwyddiad, o ystyried y gwahanol ffyrdd y gallai hyn effeithio'n negyddol ar y gweithdy.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-annual-structured-calibration-exercises-cy-3\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Dechrau'r gweithdy, gosod y cefndir, a chytuno ar ffyrdd o weithio<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-annual-structured-calibration-exercises-cy-3\"><p>Ar ddechrau elfen wyneb yn wyneb y gweithdy, mae hwyluswyr fel arfer yn cyflwyno canlyniadau'r ymarfer marcio yn gyntaf.\u00a0 O ystyried graddau\u2019r amrywioldeb y mae\u2019r ymarfer hwn yn ei ddangos fel arfer, efallai y byddwch am ddefnyddio hwn hefyd fel cyfle i gyflwyno\u2019r canfyddiadau cryno o ymchwil, canfyddiadau sy\u2019n dangos bod amrywiad yn nodweddiadol ac yn ganlyniad anochel i\u2019r ffordd \u2018ddeallus\u2019 y mae cysyniadau unigol o safonau academaidd yn cael eu datblygu.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>SYNIADAU AC AWGRYMIADAU<\/strong><\/span> \u2013 Mae gosod y naws gywir a dod o hyd i ffyrdd y gall ymarferion graddnodi fod yn gynhyrchiol ac yn effeithiol yn allweddol i'w llwyddiant.\u00a0 Yn benodol, bydd angen i chi ddod o hyd i ffyrdd y gall <strong>pob<\/strong> cydweithiwr gyfrannu a mewnbwn cyfartal i hyn.\u00a0 Efallai y byddwch yn gweld bod rhai cydweithwyr yn amharod i gydnabod neu dderbyn canfyddiadau\u2019r ymchwil sy\u2019n dangos amrywiad sylweddol mewn marcio, a\/neu rai sy\u2019n credu eu bod yn gwbl gyson yn eu marcio eu hunain a bod ganddynt ddealltwriaeth well o safonau academaidd nag eraill.\u00a0 Yn ogystal \u00e2 defnyddio\u2019r ochrau sydd ynghlwm wrth gyflwyno\u2019r sesiwn, efallai y byddwch hefyd am sefydlu a chytuno ar rai \u2018egwyddorion ymgysylltu\u2019, fel bod pawb yn y sesiwn, er enghraifft, yn cael eu hannog i \u2018fod yn bresennol, yn gwrtais, yn chwilfrydig ac yn amyneddgar. '.\u00a0 Mae croeso i chi ddefnyddio'r sleidiau atodedig i gyflwyno'r sesiwn.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-annual-structured-calibration-exercises-cy-4\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Pawb sy'n cymryd rhan yn gweithio mewn Grwpiau bach<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-annual-structured-calibration-exercises-cy-4\"><p>Mae cam cyntaf cyfarfod graddnodi yn cynnwys cyfranogwyr yn gweithio mewn nifer o grwpiau bach i drafod ac adolygu eu barn gychwynnol, ac i geisio dod o hyd i ddealltwriaeth gyffredin.\u00a0 Dylid gofyn i bob gr\u0175p nodi'r gwahanol 'agweddau ar ansawdd' sydd wedi helpu i lywio eu barn, a chofnodi a rhannu'r wybodaeth hon.\u00a0 Dylai'r wybodaeth hon helpu pob gr\u0175p i ddod o hyd i staff a allai dderbyn yr angen i godi neu ostwng eu marc gwreiddiol, a thrwy hynny ddod i gonsensws fel gr\u0175p bach.\u00a0 Dylid annog staff i ddefnyddio canlyniadau dysgu'r modiwl a'r meini prawf asesu, i sicrhau bod y dyfarniadau gwreiddiol yn cyd-fynd yn gywir \u00e2'r rhain, ac nad oes unrhyw ffactorau ychwanegol wedi'u cyflwyno i lywio'r dyfarniadau hyn.\u00a0 Ar ddiwedd yr ymarfer hwn, gofynnwch i un aelod o bob gr\u0175p roi adborth cryno ar ganfyddiadau pob gr\u0175p a nodi sut y gallai marc y gr\u0175p fod wedi newid, gyda'r hwyluswyr yn nodi ac yn dal y canlyniadau allweddol hyn ar siart troi neu sgrin.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">SYNIADAU AC AWGRYMIADAU<\/span><\/strong> \u2013 Mae'n bwysig bod yn ofalus i sefydlu grwpiau a fydd yn gweithio'n effeithiol, a lle gall pob aelod unigol o'r gr\u0175p gyfrannu.\u00a0 Er na ddylech ddisgwyl i bob gr\u0175p gytuno ar farc sengl ar y pwynt hwn, mae'n debygol y bydd ystod y marciau a ddyrennir i sgriptiau unigol wedi culhau, rhywbeth y dylech ei gofnodi ar y sgrin a\/neu ddefnyddio siart troi at y diben hwn.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-annual-structured-calibration-exercises-cy-5\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> O Grwpiau Bach i Grwpiau Mwy<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-annual-structured-calibration-exercises-cy-5\"><p>Ar \u00f4l cofnodi'r gwahanol ganlyniadau a marciau amodol a ddyrannwyd gan bob un o'r grwpiau bach, y cam nesaf yw agor trafodaeth rhwng, ac ar draws y gwahanol grwpiau.\u00a0 Eto, pwrpas yr ymarfer hwn yw ceisio perswadio ac argyhoeddi pob gr\u0175p i ystyried naill ai codi neu ostwng eu marc, gyda'r drafodaeth hon angen tynnu ar y meini prawf dysgu ac asesu ar gyfer yr aseiniad hwnnw.\u00a0 Er enghraifft, a yw pob un o'r grwpiau eto'n rhannu'r un ddealltwriaeth o'r hyn sy'n gyfystyr \u00e2 gwaith 'da', neu a oes un gr\u0175p wedi rhoi mwy o bwyslais ar un maen prawf unigol y mae'r lleill yn teimlo sy'n llai pwysig?\u00a0 fDefnyddiwch y canlyniadau o'r trafodaethau traws-bwrdd i nodi a yw grwpiau unigol yn hapus i symud eu marc ymhellach.\u00a0 Er ei bod yn bosibl na fyddwch yn gallu sicrhau consensws ystafell gyfan ar farc o hyd, mae\u2019n debygol y byddwch wedi helpu aelodau unigol o staff i ddatblygu ymhellach (ac alinio\u2019n well) eu hymdeimlad personol o safonau academaidd, a all ynddo\u2019i hun leihau amrywioldeb mewn marcio.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>SYNIADAU ac AWGRYMIADAU<\/strong><\/span> \u2013 Mae gwrando\u2019n astud a sicrhau bod cyfleoedd i bawb gyfrannu a chynnig adborth i\u2019r drafodaeth hon yn hanfodol.\u00a0 Gall cynnal agwedd gadarnhaol a pharchus at y drafodaeth gr\u0175p hefyd wneud cydweithwyr yn fwy parod i addasu eu marc, a gall atal trafodaethau rhag cael eu dominyddu gan unrhyw un sy\u2019n ddogmatig a\/neu\u2019n argyhoeddedig o gywirdeb eu marcio eu hunain.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-annual-structured-calibration-exercises-cy-6\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Myfyrdodau a Chasgliadau<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-annual-structured-calibration-exercises-cy-6\"><p>Ar ddiwedd y drafodaeth a rennir, mae'n bwysig darparu rhywfaint o le ac amser i alluogi unigolion i fyfyrio ar yr ymarfer y maent newydd gymryd rhan ynddo, ac i godi unrhyw newidiadau y maent wedi'u nodi i'w harfer marcio unigol eu hunain.\u00a0 Lle bo modd, gofynnwch i gyfranogwyr rannu'r gwersi a ddysgwyd.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>SYNIADAU AC AWGRYMIADAU<\/strong><\/span> \u2013 Er y gall fod yn demtasiwn ar hyn o bryd i ddod \u00e2'r sesiwn i ben, mae llawer o werth i'w gael o staff yn rhannu eu myfyrdodau ar yr ymarfer hwn.\u00a0 Mae'n syniad da defnyddio 'cwestiynau gweithredol' i annog cydweithwyr i rannu eu myfyrdodau ac atal sylwadau rhy feirniadol a\/neu negyddol.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-annual-structured-calibration-exercises-cy-7\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Rhannu a chyfleu'r canlyniadau<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-annual-structured-calibration-exercises-cy-7\"><p>Ar \u00f4l y gweithdy mae'n arfer da rhoi adborth am grynodeb o'r ymarfer hwn i'ch myfyrwyr.\u00a0 Er nad oes angen i hwn gynnwys manylion y modiwlau, marciau, neu asesiadau unigol y buoch yn edrych arnynt, bydd adborth yn helpu i ddangos i fyfyrwyr y pwysigrwydd yr ydych yn ei roi i safonau academaidd, a gall ddarparu gwybodaeth ddefnyddiol i fyfyrwyr ar y ffyrdd y mae meini prawf penodol yn cael eu defnyddio.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>SYNIADAU ac AWGRYMIADAU<\/strong><\/span> \u2013 Mae angen bod yn ofalus wrth adrodd yn \u00f4l ar ganlyniadau gweithgareddau graddnodi gyda myfyrwyr; sicrhau bod myfyrwyr yn gallu cael gwell dealltwriaeth o sut y bydd marcwyr yn defnyddio ac yn dehongli'r meini prawf asesu wrth farcio, ac, ar yr un pryd, yn deall yn well yr amrywioldeb naturiol sy'n cyd-fynd \u00e2 'barn academaidd'.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><\/div>\n<h3>Rheoli\u2019r Broses Gymedroli Cymdeithasol o fewn Modiwlau Unigol<\/h3>\n<p>Mae amrywiaeth o offer a thechnegau gwahanol y gellir eu defnyddio i gefnogi safoni rhag-farcio mewn modiwlau unigol.\u00a0 Felly, nid yw&#8217;r isod yn rhestr gyflawn; yr hyn sy&#8217;n allweddol yw, pa bynnag ddull a fabwysiedir, bod pob marciwr yn datblygu barn gyffredin ar safonau disgwyliedig, dealltwriaeth gyffredin o&#8217;r ystyr a phwysiad a roddir i feini prawf gwahanol, a thrwy hynny ganiat\u00e1u i farcwyr raddio asesiadau unigol yn fwy cyson a chydag hyder.\u00a0 Isod mae rhestr fer o rai o&#8217;r ffyrdd y gellir cynnal cymedroli cymdeithasol ar gyfer asesiadau unigol.<\/p>\n<div class=\"accordion accordion-accessible\"><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-managing-social-moderation-within-individual-modules-cy-1\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Ymarfer marcio cyn addysgu i farcio a thrafod aseiniadau enghreifftiol (ee, o'r flwyddyn flaenorol)<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-managing-social-moderation-within-individual-modules-cy-1\"><p>Gan ddefnyddio methodoleg debyg i'r un a ddefnyddir yn nodweddiadol mewn digwyddiadau graddnodi Ysgolion (er bod llai o angen cofnodi'r dyfarniadau y mae'r marcwyr yn eu cyrraedd, neu ddechrau gweithio mewn grwpiau bach ac ati), mae'n arfer da i farcwyr a\/neu chymedrolwyr gyfarfod cyn i'r marcio ddechrau.\u00a0 Yn y cyfarfodydd hyn, dylai pob parti farcio nifer o sgriptiau presennol yn gyntaf.\u00a0 Yna mae angen iddynt gymharu marciau, a thrafod a chyd-drafod marc a rennir, gan ddefnyddio'r meini prawf asesu a'r canlyniadau dysgu ar gyfer y modiwl hwnnw.\u00a0 Dylid defnyddio'r asesiadau sampl i agor trafodaeth am safonau academaidd a chaniat\u00e1u i d\u00eem y modiwl ddatblygu barn gyffredin ar yr agweddau allweddol ar ansawdd a ddisgwylir, cyn dechrau'r modiwl.\u00a0 Bydd hyn yn cynyddu'r tebygolrwydd y bydd myfyrwyr yn cael cyngor cyson.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-managing-social-moderation-within-individual-modules-cy-2\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Sesiynau marcio t\u00eem \/ 'Marking Partes'<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-managing-social-moderation-within-individual-modules-cy-2\"><p>In modules with a number of markers, and often used as an extension of initial marking exercises, it can be helpful for a marking team to come together to mark assessments.\u00a0 Such exercises work well when they allow discussion and comparison of judgements as they are made, to quickly build a shared understanding of academic standards across markers.\u00a0 Some colleagues have even reported that such events make marking a more enjoyable and collegial exercise, although it can be difficult to find time to mark simultaneously.\u00a0 It thus requires a commitment to participate from all markers to work well.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-managing-social-moderation-within-individual-modules-cy-3\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Briffio cyn-addysgu i farcwyr ar y disgwyliadau ar gyfer yr asesiad<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-managing-social-moderation-within-individual-modules-cy-3\"><p>Cyn dechrau marcio, yn enwedig os yw'n fodiwl newydd a\/neu os nad oes unrhyw enghreifftiau ar gael i'w marcio ymlaen llaw, gall fod yn ddefnyddiol i'r t\u00eem marcio ddod at ei gilydd i drafod y briff asesu a'r meini prawf asesu.\u00a0 Er y bydd hyn yn cynyddu'r tebygolrwydd y bydd pob marciwr yn datblygu gafael debyg ar y gofynion asesu ac yn rhoi cyngor cyson i fyfyrwyr mewn grwpiau gwahanol am yr asesiad, ni ddylid diystyru gwerth defnyddio enghreifftiau i gefnogi hyn.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-managing-social-moderation-within-individual-modules-cy-4\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Craffu gan gymheiriaid a thrafod asesiad modiwl, cyfarwyddiadau, meini prawf ac ati.<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-managing-social-moderation-within-individual-modules-cy-4\"><p>Yn aml yn cael ei wneud gan gymedrolwr cyn cyflwyno asesiad, byddeffeithiolrwydd cymharol hyn yn dibynnu ar y math o graffu.\u00a0 Gall fod yn gadarnhaol os yw'n ysgogi sgyrsiau am ansawdd disgwyliedig y gwaith, ond gallai profforma 'blwch ticio' syml annog craffu arwynebol.\u00a0 Mae angen bod yn ofalus hefyd bod y safonwr yn cydnabod ei ragdybiaethau ei hun ynghylch ystyr y briff asesu, y meini prawf asesu, a\/neu ansawdd disgwyliedig y gwaith.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-managing-social-moderation-within-individual-modules-cy-5\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Datblygu t\u00eem cwrs cyfan a gweithredu strategaeth asesu rhaglen<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-managing-social-moderation-within-individual-modules-cy-5\"><p>Gall hyn sicrhau bod arweinwyr modiwl yn gweld sut mae'r asesiad yn eu modiwl yn cyfrannu at gyflawni canlyniadau dysgu rhaglen, yn enwedig lle mae trafodaeth yn cynnwys disgwyliadau am safonau academaidd ar bob lefel o'r cwrs, dilyniant, a'r cydbwysedd rhwng asesu dysgu ac asesu ar gyfer dysgu.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-managing-social-moderation-within-individual-modules-cy-6\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Marcio dwbl cyfyngedig<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-managing-social-moderation-within-individual-modules-cy-6\"><p>Er mai prin yw\u2019r dystiolaeth sy\u2019n awgrymu bod marcio dwbl ac ail farcio\u2019n arwain at well ymdeimlad o safonau cyffredin, dyma rai senarios lle gallai rhywfaint o farcio dwbl cyfyngedig fod o gymorth:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Marciau ar y ffin:<\/strong> Gall marcio dwbl helpu i egluro achosion ar y ffin lle mae ansicrwydd. Gall hyn helpu i sicrhau nad yw myfyrwyr yn cael eu cosbi na\u2019u gwobrwyo\u2019n annheg.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Asesiadau risg uchel:<\/strong> Ar gyfer asesiadau risg uchel, fel traethodau hir, gall marcio dwbl ddarparu lefel uwch o hyder. Yma dylai\u2019r marciwr sicrhau bod dealltwriaeth gyffredin o safonau a meini prawf cyn marcio.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cohortau llai:<\/strong> Lle mae maint y sampl\/cohort yn llai, gall marcio dwbl fod yn fwy ymarferol. Asesiadau goddrychol: mae rhai disgyblaethau, a rhai mathau o asesiadau, yn cynnwys elfen uchel o oddrychedd. Enghraifft o hyn fyddai cyngherddau cerddorol, lle mae barn oddrychol yn anochel. Mewn achosion o\u2019r fath, mae gan farcio dwbl fanteision clir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Asesiadau perfformiadol:<\/strong> am resymau heblaw oddrychedd, gall asesiadau sy\u2019n cynnwys perfformiad byw elwa o farcio dwbl lle bo modd. Gall fod arbedion sylweddol mewn amser os yw arholiadau llafar a chyflwyniadau, er enghraifft, yn cael eu marcio dwbl yn fyw, yn hytrach na\u2019u marcio\/monitro o recordiadau.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lle mae myfyrwyr wedi cyflwyno gwaith mewn fformatau gwahanol:<\/strong> Lle mae hyn wedi\u2019i ganiat\u00e1u yn unol \u00e2\u2019r polisi newydd ar addasiadau rhesymol, mae\u2019n bosibl y gall marcio symud i ffwrdd o\u2019r meini prawf y cytunwyd arnynt. Dylai trafodaethau cymedroli cymdeithasol cyn marcio fynd i\u2019r afael \u00e2\u2019r posibilrwydd hwn, ond efallai y bydd achos dros gynnwys gwahanol fformatau cyflwyno mewn sampl wedi\u2019i marcio dwbl i sicrhau cysondeb a chymhwyso priodol y meini prawf asesu.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-managing-social-moderation-within-individual-modules-cy-7\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Cymedroli prosiectau estynedig sydd wedi cael eu marcio\u2019n gyntaf gan oruchwylwyr <\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-managing-social-moderation-within-individual-modules-cy-7\"><p>Cymedroli prosiectau estynedig sydd wedi cael eu marcio\u2019n gyntaf gan oruchwylwyr<br \/>\nHwyrach y bydd rhywfaint o wrthdaro rhwng y rhagfarn a allai godi ymhlith goruchwylwyr a\u2019r angen am arbenigedd yn y pwnc wrth farcio a chymedroli prosiectau estynedig. Mae rhywfaint o dystiolaeth i ddangos y gall goruchwylwyr farcio ychydig yn uwch na\u2019r academyddion annibynnol (McQuade et al., 2020), ac felly mae hyblygrwydd o fewn y Polisi Marcio a Chymedroli o ran y disgwyliad am farcio dienw. Wrth ddewis cymedrolwyr ar gyfer prosiectau estynedig, bydd ffactorau megis profiad o farcio prosiectau\u2019n bwysig. Ystyriaeth bwysicaf, fodd bynnag, yw arbenigedd yn y pwnc. Mae\u2019n bwysig cofio y gallai marcwyr a chymedrolwyr heb lefel briodol o wybodaeth am y pwnc roi marciau sy\u2019n sylweddol is (McQuade et al., 2020).<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"section4\"><strong>Cyfarwyddebau<\/strong><\/h2>\n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-success with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg class=\"icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 30 30\"><title>Globe<\/title><path d=\"M15,2a15,15,0,1,1,0,30A15,15,0,0,1,0,17,15,15,0,0,1,15,2ZM10.34,7.44L10,8a5.88,5.88,0,0,0-.31.63C9.53,9.06,9.31,9.53,9.16,10H14V4.16a2.78,2.78,0,0,0-.66.25,5,5,0,0,0-.69.41,6.52,6.52,0,0,0-1.22,1.09,10.24,10.24,0,0,0-1.09,1.53h0ZM16,10h4.84c-0.09-.22-0.16-0.47-0.25-0.69A12.87,12.87,0,0,0,20,8a5.49,5.49,0,0,1-.34-0.56,10.13,10.13,0,0,0-1.09-1.53,6.55,6.55,0,0,0-1.22-1.09,7.68,7.68,0,0,0-.66-0.41A3.67,3.67,0,0,0,16,4.16V10h0ZM5.81,7.81q-0.52.52-.94,1C4.59,9.22,4.28,9.63,4,10H7A15.68,15.68,0,0,1,8.09,7.44,11.33,11.33,0,0,1,9.41,5.28,11.54,11.54,0,0,0,7.5,6.38,10.52,10.52,0,0,0,5.81,7.81ZM23,10h3c-0.25-.37-0.56-0.78-0.84-1.16a13.7,13.7,0,0,0-.94-1A10.58,10.58,0,0,0,22.5,6.38a11.51,11.51,0,0,0-1.91-1.09,13.28,13.28,0,0,1,1.34,2.16A19,19,0,0,1,23,10h0ZM6.5,12H3a9,9,0,0,0-.62,2A10.61,10.61,0,0,0,2,16H6a14.66,14.66,0,0,1,.16-2.06c0.09-.66.19-1.31,0.31-1.94h0ZM14,12H8.56c-0.16.63-.25,1.31-0.34,2A10.67,10.67,0,0,0,8,16h6V12h0Zm2,0v4h6a14.19,14.19,0,0,0-.16-2c-0.12-.66-0.22-1.34-0.37-2H16Zm8,4h4a13.75,13.75,0,0,0-.31-2A11.21,11.21,0,0,0,27,12H23.5c0.13,0.63.22,1.28,0.31,1.94A14.51,14.51,0,0,1,24,16h0ZM3,22H6.5c-0.12-.62-0.22-1.28-0.31-1.94A14.51,14.51,0,0,1,6,18H2a10.6,10.6,0,0,0,.34,2A9,9,0,0,0,3,22H3Zm11-4H8a10.67,10.67,0,0,0,.19,2c0.09,0.66.19,1.34,0.34,2H14V18h0Zm2,4h5.44c0.16-.62.25-1.31,0.38-2A14.06,14.06,0,0,0,22,18H16v4Zm7.5,0H27a11.21,11.21,0,0,0,.66-2A13.9,13.9,0,0,0,28,18H24a14.66,14.66,0,0,1-.16,2.06c-0.09.66-.19,1.31-0.31,1.94h0ZM7,24H4c0.25,0.38.56,0.78,0.84,1.13a9.9,9.9,0,0,0,.94,1.06A10.58,10.58,0,0,0,7.5,27.63a11.51,11.51,0,0,0,1.91,1.09,11.33,11.33,0,0,1-1.31-2.16A15.79,15.79,0,0,1,7,24H7Zm2.12,0,0.28,0.69A7,7,0,0,0,10,26c0.09,0.22.22,0.41,0.31,0.59a9.78,9.78,0,0,0,1.09,1.5,6.78,6.78,0,0,0,1.22,1.13,3,3,0,0,0,.69.38,2,2,0,0,0,.66.28V24H9.16Zm10.5,2.56c0.09-.19.22-0.37,0.34-0.59s0.22-.41.31-0.62c0.19-.44.38-0.87,0.53-1.34H16v5.84a2.45,2.45,0,0,0,.69-0.28,3.51,3.51,0,0,0,.66-0.37,6.78,6.78,0,0,0,1.22-1.12,9.78,9.78,0,0,0,1.09-1.5h0Zm4.53-.37a10,10,0,0,0,.94-1.06c0.28-.34.59-0.75,0.84-1.12H23a19.07,19.07,0,0,1-1,2.56,13.28,13.28,0,0,1-1.34,2.16,11.54,11.54,0,0,0,1.91-1.09,10.52,10.52,0,0,0,1.69-1.44h0Z\" transform=\"translate(0 -2)\"><\/path><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Dirnadaethau gwerslyfrau<\/h3>                <p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height: 18.4px;font-size: 12pt;font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;color: #000000\"><span lang=\"CY\">Yn \u00f4l Pandera a Romero (2014), mae gan gyfarwyddiadau 3 nodwedd:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 18.4px;font-size: 12pt;font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;color: #000000\"><span lang=\"CY\">meini prawf asesu<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 18.4px;font-size: 12pt;font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;color: #000000\">strategaeth ar sut i raddio darn o waith<\/li>\n<li class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 18.4px;font-size: 12pt;font-family: Aptos, sans-serif;color: #000000\">safonau\/diffiniadau ansawdd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n<hr \/>\n<p>Mae&#8217;n bwysig ystyried gwerth pedagogaidd unrhyw declyn rydyn ni\u2019n ei ddefnyddio wrth asesu. Pa werth y bydd yn ei ychwanegu at brofiad a chanlyniadau\u2019r myfyrwyr? Gall fod cryn amrywiaeth o ran defnyddioldeb y cyfarwyddiadau, yn dibynnu ar sut maen nhw\u2019n cael eu cyflwyno a&#8217;u rhoi ar waith. Dylid defnyddio\u2019r rhain yn fwy na rhestr wirio at ddibenion marcio yn unig, yn enwedig os ydyn nhw\u2019n mynd i gael effaith gadarnhaol ar hyder a chanlyniadau\u2019r myfyrwyr.<\/p>\n<p>Un diben ynghlwm wrth gyflwyno meini prawf asesu generig ar lefel Ysgol\/Rhaglen yn y Polisi Marcio a Chymedroli newydd yw gwella profiad y myfyriwr drwy gynnig cysondeb o ran dull. Mae modd defnyddio meini prawf asesu generig yn fframiau cyfeirio trosfwaol er mwyn llywio cyfarwyddiadau sy\u2019n benodol i dasg. Dengys astudiaeth gan Taylor et al. (2024) fod myfyrwyr yn gwerthfawrogi cysondeb o ran y fformat a\u2019r iaith a ddefnyddir ar draws modiwlau ar yr un lefel. Dylid tawelu meddwl myfyrwyr na chaiff cyfarwyddiadau eu cynllunio gyda hoffterau\u2019r darlithydd unigol mewn golwg.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Ffyrdd o sicrhau bod y cyfarwyddiadau\u2019n ddefnyddiol:<\/h3>\n<p>Yn y b\u00f4n, bydd cyfarwyddiadau&#8217;n edrych yn wahanol iawn yn dibynnu ar y ddisgyblaeth: gall cyfarwyddiadau ar gyfer adroddiad labordy fod yn &#8216;rhestr hir\u2019 gyfarwyddol iawn, tra bydd lle mewn cyfarwyddiadau Ysgrifennu Creadigol ar gyfer creadigrwydd y myfyriwr a barn academaidd oddrychol.<\/p>\n<div class=\"accordion accordion-accessible\"><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-rubrics-cy-1\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Defnyddio cyfarwyddiadau at ddibenion asesu cyfoedion a hunanasesu mewn cyd-destun ffurfiannol<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-rubrics-cy-1\"><p>Mae'n bwysig ystyried sut mae cyfarwyddiadau'n cael eu cyflwyno i fyfyrwyr. Yn hytrach na dim ond postio cyfarwyddiadau ar Dysgu Canolog, ystyriwch neilltuo amser i gyflwyno a thrafod cyfarwyddiadau\u2019r asesu mewn sesiwn ddysgu. Gallai hyn gynnwys<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>esboniadau<\/li>\n<li>cyfle am gwestiynau<\/li>\n<li>trafodaeth ymysg cyfoedion er mwyn canfod ystyr<\/li>\n<li>cyfleoedd i gymhwyso'r cyfarwyddiadau wrth farcio asesiad enghreifftiol<\/li>\n<li>cyfeirio myfyrwyr at ffiniau graddau<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mae'n sicr yn werth neilltuo amser i gyflwyno cyfarwyddiadau i fyfyrwyr lle mae hyn yn debygol o hybu hyder y myfyrwyr a chael effaith gadarnhaol ar eu perfformiad (Bolton 2006).<br \/>\nGallech chi argymell bod myfyrwyr yn ymgysylltu \u00e2 chyfarwyddebau mewn nifer o ffyrdd i wella eu canlyniadau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cynllunio cymorth yn ystod camau cynnar yr aseiniad<\/li>\n<li>rhestr wirio grynodol wrth adolygu aseiniad a gwblhawyd<\/li>\n<li>canllaw y cyfeirir ato drwy gydol y broses ysgrifennu<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">adnodd i osod targedau<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">(gan Taylor et al. 2024)<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-rubrics-cy-2\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Defnyddio iaith glir a manwl<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-rubrics-cy-2\"><p>Un pryder cyffredin i fyfyrwyr yw\u2019r diffyg eglurder a thryloywder yn yr iaith a ddefnyddir mewn cyfarwyddiadau, gyda myfyrwyr yn gofyn am fanylion penodol ynghylch y ffiniau graddau (Taylor et al. 2024). Ceisio osgoi amwysedd yn yr iaith sy\u2019n arwain dilyniant ar draws ffiniau graddau. Efallai na fydd defnyddio llawer o ailadrodd yn ddefnyddiol i fyfyrwyr, hynny yw, drwy newid un neu ddau air yn unig yn y disgrifyddion. Yn lle hynny, ystyriwch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>gynnwys cydrannau rhifiadol e.e. nifer y pwyntiau a ddisgwylir ar wahanol ffiniau gradd<\/li>\n<li>adnabod geiriau allweddol yn glir e.e. trwy ddefnyddio print trwm neu italig<\/li>\n<li>eitemau penodol wedi'u nodi ar gyfer ffiniau graddau gwahanol<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Gweler yr enghraifft hon i weld sut y gallai\u2019r cyfeirebau edrych, gan ystyried y tri phwynt uchod.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-rubrics-cy-3\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Ceisio cynnwys lle ar gyfer creadigrwydd <\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-rubrics-cy-3\"><p>Cynnwys geiriad sy'n parchu annibyniaeth, creadigrwydd a gwreiddioldeb gwaith y myfyrwyr, yn enwedig lle mae'r elfennau hyn yn berthnasol i'r asesiad. Gallech chi gynnwys ymadroddion megis 'dangos meddwl arloesol', 'cymhwyso cysyniadau mewn ffyrdd unigryw', neu 'ymgysylltu \u00e2 syniadau cymhleth a heriol'.<\/p>\n<p>Gweler y canllawiau ar <a href=\"https:\/\/xerte.cardiff.ac.uk\/play_16943#page1\">Ddefnyddio Cyfeirebau yn Feedback Studio<\/a> a sut i <a href=\"https:\/\/help.blackboard.com\/Learn\/Instructor\/Ultra\/Grade\/Rubrics\">Greu Cyfeirebau<\/a> yn Blackboard.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><\/div>\n<p><strong>Os mai dim ond un peth rydych chi&#8217;n ei wneud&#8230;.<\/strong> ceisiwch gynnwys rhywfaint o ddadansoddiad o gyfarwyddiadau yn y sesiwn er mwyn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>darparu cyfarwyddyd uniongyrchol ar sut i ddefnyddio cyfarwyddiadau, yn enwedig yn adnodd i ennill graddau uwch<\/li>\n<li>dangos sut y gellir cymhwyso ffiniau graddau gwahanol i wahanol ddeilliannau ysgrifenedig<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<figure id=\"post-7586 media-7586\" class=\"image align-none\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cardiff.padlet.org\/langm21\/remake-of-marking-and-moderation-and-academic-feedback-faqs-hg3v5d14z7ym8da7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/files\/2024\/11\/Screenshot-2024-11-20-at-09.35.40.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 id=\"section5\">Archwilio\u2019n Ddyfnach<\/h2>\n<div class=\"accordion accordion-accessible\"><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-marking-and-moderation-deeper-dive-cy-1\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Cyfeiriadau ac Adnoddau<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-marking-and-moderation-deeper-dive-cy-1\"><p>Baume, D., et.al., 2004. What is happening when we assess, and how can we use our understanding of this to improve assessment? <em>Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education<\/em>, 29 (4), pp.451\u2013477.<\/p>\n<p>Bloxham S. (2009). Marking and moderation in the UK: false assumptions and wasted resources.<br \/>\nAssessment and Evaluation in Higher Education 34(2), tud. 209-220.<\/p>\n<p>Bloxham, S., Boyd, P. and Orr, S., 2011. Mark my words: the role of assessment criteria in UK higher education grading practices. <em>Studies in Higher Education<\/em>, 36 (6), pp.655\u2013670.<\/p>\n<p>Bolton, F.C. 2006. Rubrics and Adult Learners: Andragogy and Assessment. <em>Progress Assessment Update<\/em> 18(3), tud. 5-6.<\/p>\n<p>Grainger, P., Purnell, K. and Zipf, R., 2008. Judging quality through substantive conversations between markers. <em>Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education<\/em>, 33 (2), pp.133\u201342.<\/p>\n<p>Higher Education Academy, 2012. A Marked Improvement: Transforming assessment in higher education. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.advance-he.ac.uk\/knowledge-hub\/marked-improvement-transforming-assessment-higher-education-assessment-review-tool\">https:\/\/www.advance-he.ac.uk\/knowledge-hub\/marked-improvement-transforming-assessment-higher-education-assessment-review-tool<\/a>\u00a0[Accessed October 2024].<\/p>\n<p>Hunter, K. &amp; Docherty, P., 2011. Reducing variation in the assessment of student writing, <em>Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education<\/em>, 36 (1), pp. 109\u201324.<\/p>\n<p>McQuade, R., Kometa, S., Brown, J., Bevitt, D. and Hall, J., 2020. Research project assessments and supervisor marking: maintaining academic rigour through robust reconciliation processes. <em>Assessment &amp; Evaluation in Higher Education<\/em>, 45(8), pp.1181-1191.<br \/>\n<strong>DOI<\/strong>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02602938.2020.1726284\">10.1080\/02602938.2020.1726284<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Moss, P.A. and Schutz, A. 2001. Educational standards, assessment and the search for consensus. <em>American Educational Research Journal<\/em>, 38 (1), pp.37\u201370.<\/p>\n<p>Newstead, S.E. 2002. Examining the examiners; why are we so bad at assessing students? <em>Psychology Learning and Teaching<\/em>, 2, 70-75.<\/p>\n<p>Norton, L. 2004, Using assessment criteria as learning criteria: a case study in psychology, <em>Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education<\/em>, 29 (6) pp. 687-702.<\/p>\n<p>O\u2019Donovan, B., Price, M. and Rust, C., 2004. Know what I mean? Enhancing student understanding of assessment standards and criteria. <em>Teaching in Higher Education<\/em>, 9 (3), pp.145\u2013158.<\/p>\n<p>Pandero, E. a Romero, M. 2014. To Rubric or Not to Rubric? The Effects of Self-Assessment on Self-Regulation, Performance and Self-Efficacy. <em>Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice<\/em> 21(2), tud. 133-148. doi:10.1080\/0969594X.2013.877872.<\/p>\n<p>Price, M., 2005. Assessment Standards: The Role of Communities of Practice and the Scholarship of Assessment. <em>Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education<\/em>, 30(3), pp.215\u2013230.<\/p>\n<p>Price, M., 2008. The Weston Manor Group. Assessment Standards: a manifesto for change.<\/p>\n<p>Sadler, D. R., 2012. Assuring academic achievement standards: from moderation to calibration. <em>Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice<\/em>, 20(1), pp.5\u201319.<\/p>\n<p>Saunders, M. a Davis, S. (1998). The use of assessment criteria to ensure consistency of marking: some implications for good practice, Quality Assurance in Education, 6(3), tud. 162-171.<\/p>\n<p>Taylor, B., Kisby, S. a Reedy, A. 2024. Rubrics in higher education: an exploration of undergraduate students\u2019 understanding and perspectives<em>. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education<\/em> 49(6), tud. 799-809. doi:10.1080\/02602938.2023.2299330<\/p>\n<p>Watty, K., et al., 2013. Social moderation, assessment and assuring standards for accounting graduates. <em>Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education<\/em>, 39 (4), pp.461\u2013478.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-marking-and-moderation-deeper-dive-cy-2\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Meini Prawf Asesu Enghreifftiol<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-marking-and-moderation-deeper-dive-cy-2\"><p>\n        <div class=\"cu_tabs\">\n               \n        <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs\" role=\"tablist\">\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link active\" href=\"#content-exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-1\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-1\">Pecyn Cymorth Datblygu Addysg Meini Prawf Asesu Enghreifftiol<\/a><\/li>\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link \" href=\"#content-exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-2\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-2\">ARCHI<\/a><\/li>\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link \" href=\"#content-exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-3\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-3\">PHYSX<\/a><\/li>\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link \" href=\"#content-exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-4\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-4\">SOCSI<\/a><\/li>\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link \" href=\"#content-exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-5\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-5\">CHEMY<\/a><\/li>\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link \" href=\"#content-exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-6\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-6\">DENTL<\/a><\/li>\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link \" href=\"#content-exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-7\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-7\">SHARE<\/a><\/li><\/ul> <div class=\"tab-content\">\n        <div class=\"tab-pane active\" id=\"content-exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-1\">\n        <p>Cyd-ddatblygwyd y setiau isod o feini prawf enghreifftiol gyda mewnbwn gan gr\u0175p o fyfyrwyr a raddiodd yn ddiweddar.\u00a0 Dangosodd trafodaeth gyda'r myfyrwyr cyn y dasg hon eu bod, fel llawer, yn aml yn aneglur ynghylch yr hyn a ddisgwylid ganddynt mewn aseiniadau unigol, a bod ystyr llawer o'r meini prawf yn y dogfennau a roddwyd iddynt yn aneglur.\u00a0 Nododd y myfyrwyr hefyd fod enghreifftiau o waith myfyrwyr blaenorol yn helpu i ddod \u00e2'r cymwyseddau goddrychol sy'n gysylltiedig \u00e2 llawer o setiau o feini prawf yn fyw.\u00a0 Roedd yn ymarfer a ddangosodd werth Ysgolion yn gweithio gyda'u myfyrwyr wrth ddatblygu meini prawf.<\/p>\n<p>Mae\u2019r enghreifftiau, a gafodd fudd o\u2019r defnydd a wnaeth y myfyrwyr o systemau deallusrwydd artiffisial, yn fan cychwyn i Ysgolion.\u00a0 Felly, awgrymir y gallai Ysgolion ddymuno defnyddio\u2019r rhain a\u2019u hail-weithio, fel eu bod yn canolbwyntio\u2019n well ar y rhinweddau y disgwylid waith myfyrwyr o fewn eu disgyblaeth.\u00a0 Argymhellir cynnal yr ymarfer hwn mewn partneriaeth \u00e2'ch myfyrwyr.\u00a0 Dylai ysgolion sy'n ceisio cymorth i ddatblygu meini prawf asesu gysylltu \u00e2'r Academi Dysgu ac Addysgu drwy ltacademy@caerdydd.ac.uk.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cf.sharepoint.com\/:b:\/t\/CurriculumDevelopment-ToolkitOwners\/EbLxNIAXuMhHkN_6WuEI8uABXaRkt9rsxYumJDN4llGwCw?e=i5UC3J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meini Prawf Asesu Enghreifftiol, lefelau 4, 5 a 6<\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"tab-pane \" id=\"content-exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-2\">\n        <p>Datblygu meini prawf asesu generig i baratoi at roi\u2019r polisi Marcio a Chymedroli ar waith<\/p>\n<p>Yn unol \u00e2\u2019r polisi newydd ar farcio a safoni, mae\u2019r Ysgol Pensaern\u00efaeth wedi datblygu meini prawf asesu generig sydd wedi\u2019u rhannu i dri phrif gategori, sef Gwybod, Gweithredu a Bod, sy\u2019n cyd-fynd \u00e2\u2019r hyn a ddywed (Barnett a Coate, 2005). Ceir 7 lefel ym mhob categori, ac ar gyfer pob lefel y mae testun esboniadol i helpu myfyrwyr i ddeall y berthynas rhwng y lefel cyflawniad a\u2019r marciau a ddyrennir. Yn dibynnu ar y math o asesiad (e.e. adroddiad, portffolio, traethawd myfyriol, prosiect ac ati), disgwylir i\u2019r pwysoli amrywio o gategori i gategori. Mae'r canllawiau hefyd yn amlinellu\u2019r broses o ddatblygu\u2019r meini prawf a\u2019r cyfarwyddiadau tasg-benodol, a'u grwpio o dan y tri chategori hyn, yn seiliedig ar yr hyn a argymhellir gan (Roberts, 2023). Caiff y rhain eu geirio mewn modd syml, a hynny er mwyn egluro'r math o dystiolaeth y chwilia\u2019r arholwyr amdani yn y gwaith a gyflwynir.<\/p>\n<p>Nid pwrpas y canllawiau hyn yw darparu dull cyffredinol o asesu a chreu cyfarwyddebau, ond yn hytrach, eu nod yw bod yn sylfaen safonol neu bwynt cyfeirio ar gyfer alinio arferion cyfredol. Y gobaith yw y bydd y dull symlach hwn yn caniat\u00e1u lefel o gysondeb mewn arferion ledled yr holl raglenni, gan hwyluso rhannu modiwlau heb ddrysu myfyrwyr, a gwella profiad cyffredinol y staff o farcio a safoni. Mae'r canllawiau hefyd yn rhoi cyngor ar y gwiriadau a'r aliniad sydd eu hangen os bydd y meini prawf asesu presennol yn cael eu cynnal, a bydd hynny, yn ei dro, yn ei wneud yn ofynnol i staff gyfrannu at drafodaethau \u00e2 charfannau er mwyn galluogi cyd-greu.<\/p>\n<p>Eleni Ampatzi. Cyfarwyddwr Astudiaethau \u00d4l-raddedig a Addysgir (DPGT) a Chyd-Gyfarwyddwr Dysgu ac Addysgu (DLT), Ysgol Pensaern\u00efaeth.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cf.sharepoint.com\/:b:\/t\/CurriculumDevelopment-ToolkitOwners\/EWhamx-yPJtHo8KQOZIfaI4BjhvwqlWafc7XCjSnol_-Qg?e=C5W4ow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ARCHI Meini Prawf Asesu Enghreifftiol lefel 7<\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"tab-pane \" id=\"content-exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-3\">\n        <p><a href=\"https:\/\/cf.sharepoint.com\/:b:\/t\/CurriculumDevelopment-ToolkitOwners\/ESqIJKtA_ddGj23VQA0HRAwBhF9M0T3ZIPH0gHU1_b_wlw?e=3f2ZmW\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PHYSX Meini Prawf Asesu Enghreifftiol lefel 4<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cf.sharepoint.com\/:b:\/t\/CurriculumDevelopment-ToolkitOwners\/EQqIPF5M50FNm-lcYi81PFIBLx3A73PMu3dOxumJDNA2jQ?e=wXMZB8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PHYSX Meini Prawf Asesu Enghreifftiol lefel 5<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cf.sharepoint.com\/:b:\/t\/CurriculumDevelopment-ToolkitOwners\/EW1RhKcWc31KlLF03At30P8B9PpwRS9_k1s46URkydzBNg?e=7EKsTN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PHYSX Meini Prawf Asesu Enghreifftiol lefel 6<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cf.sharepoint.com\/:b:\/t\/CurriculumDevelopment-ToolkitOwners\/ETE2jhag_cpJoVGVP2LyNtIBIBfi7F8RulveNjBu2zFGFQ?e=9OsnQl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PHYSX Meini Prawf Asesu Enghreifftiol lefel 7<\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"tab-pane \" id=\"content-exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-4\">\n        <p><a href=\"https:\/\/cf.sharepoint.com\/:b:\/t\/CurriculumDevelopment-ToolkitOwners\/Ef6ioOHtZvJHuiarizFwvtgBzCaxmJ1x4aSjzjTstAathg?e=8UNdqo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SOCSI Meini Prawf Asesu Enghriefftiol<\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"tab-pane \" id=\"content-exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-5\">\n        <p>Defnyddio AI Cynhyrchiol i greu meini prawf asesu generig<\/p>\n<p>Dyma Dr James Redman, Arweinydd Asesu ac Adborth ar gyfer Cemeg, yn disgrifio\u2019r broses o ddefnyddio Deallusrwydd Artiffisial cynhyrchiol er mwyn creu Meini Prawf Asesu Generig y gellir eu defnyddio ar lefel Ysgol gyfan:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYn y fersiynau gwreiddiol a greais i, roedd yna 5 categori, ond hirwyntog oedden nhw mewn gwirionedd, felly roedden nhw\u2019n anodd eu trin ar ffurf tabl. Gwnes i uno rhai o'r categor\u00efau, gan fod y rhain yn gorgyffwrdd yn sylweddol, a gwnaeth hynny leihau\u2019r testun.<\/p>\n<p>Ar gyfer lefel 6 a 7, gwnaeth GPT4 waith eithaf da o ran darparu man cychwyn. Bu\u2019n rhaid i mi olygu'n sylweddol a thynhau lefelau 4 a 5 gan fod gormod o bwyslais ar ymchwil arloesol nad oedd yn briodol.<\/p>\n<p>Yn y b\u00f4n, roedd fy awgrym yn cynnwys y testun cyfan sy\u2019n disgrifio 1af a llwyddiant ar lefelau 6 a 7 o Ddatganiad Meincnodi Pwnc ASA ar gyfer Cemeg, y testun o\u2019r golofn berthnasol o\u2019r meini prawf generig, rhywfaint o gyd-destun am y persona y dylai\u2019r model ei ddefnyddio (academydd sy\u2019n gweithio ym maes addysg uwch yn y DU) a chyfarwyddiadau ar gyfer y dasg i\u2019w gyflawni.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cf.sharepoint.com\/:b:\/t\/CurriculumDevelopment-ToolkitOwners\/Ed7sW12mo-tOtU2ux4WvNDQBZgOQEobTzuiuFsvkfCh5Iw?e=fsb0Df\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CHEMY Meini Prawf Asesu Enghriefftiol lefel 5<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cf.sharepoint.com\/:b:\/t\/CurriculumDevelopment-ToolkitOwners\/EZRgI_EHz6lHmbRQAWa5vmgBy73tJfA_N_w0sGQl4l04Qw?e=qnWYwD\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CHEMY Meini Prawf Asesu Enghriefftiol lefel 5 gyda lleoliad<\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"tab-pane \" id=\"content-exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-6\">\n        <p><a href=\"https:\/\/cf.sharepoint.com\/:b:\/t\/CurriculumDevelopment-ToolkitOwners\/EZa1XAJ-lD1Enopx9jwlg0oBIDSgffz-DwZyk29qjCkUbA?e=zsxhvp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meini Prawf Marcio Adroddiad Achos Nas<\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"tab-pane \" id=\"content-exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"exemplar-assessment-criteria-cy-7\">\n        <p><a href=\"https:\/\/cf.sharepoint.com\/:b:\/t\/CurriculumDevelopment-ToolkitOwners\/EclJGmXLHaVNlvX354ZjRtgBEcsCAAwTrReeSP9f3lK7Wg?e=krDVUv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meini prawf asesu cyffredinol Lefel 4 SHARE<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cf.sharepoint.com\/:b:\/t\/CurriculumDevelopment-ToolkitOwners\/ESOxFTbEIR5HsBcczfvgCs8ByjNq8BabgzLkgS1q2w1w8Q?e=092xZe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meini prawf asesu cyffredinol Lefel 5 SHARE<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cf.sharepoint.com\/:b:\/t\/CurriculumDevelopment-ToolkitOwners\/EW91L3lZ8lNKudwrHMZg50MBVe0fxe8lmZXSnKTtRa3rjw?e=5lsNtg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meini prawf asesu cyffredinol Lefel 6 SHARE<\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-marking-and-moderation-deeper-dive-cy-3\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Ffurflen Cymedroli Cymdeithasol cyn y digwyddiad<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-marking-and-moderation-deeper-dive-cy-3\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/forms.office.com\/Pages\/ShareFormPage.aspx?id=MEu3vWiVVki9vwZ1l3j8vC5prQ2erNVBuHe4Ph1YWJpUOFlYUk42Q0I0OUxRREkzTDIxSkMwRjlCUy4u&amp;sharetoken=7RidmTuBE24W7USfGWVK\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ffurflen Cymedroli Cymdeithasol cyn y digwyddiad<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-marking-and-moderation-deeper-dive-cy-4\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Rhannu Eich Adborth<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-marking-and-moderation-deeper-dive-cy-4\"><p>\n<!-- iframe plugin v.6.0 wordpress.org\/plugins\/iframe\/ -->\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"image w-75\" src=\"https:\/\/forms.microsoft.com\/pages\/responsepage.aspx?id=MEu3vWiVVki9vwZ1l3j8vFjmzr0UHJNEkrFqXd1VVfhURFkwR1E4TzlNNFJGR1VIRDdKRENOOFZFSS4u\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-marking-and-moderation-deeper-dive-cy-5\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg>  Ble Nesaf?<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-marking-and-moderation-deeper-dive-cy-5\"><p>Dewiswch un o\u2019r tudalennau hyn sy\u2019n gysylltiedig \u00e2\u2019r un hon:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/egwyddorion-allweddol\/egwyddor-5-asesu-syn-gyfystyr-a-dysgu\/cyd-greu-mewn-asesiadau\/\">Cyd-greu mewn Asesiadau<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/egwyddorion-allweddol\/egwyddor-5-asesu-syn-gyfystyr-a-dysgu\/asesiadau-dilys\/\">Asesiadau Dilys<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/egwyddorion-allweddol\/egwyddor-5-asesu-syn-gyfystyr-a-dysgu\/crynodeb-o-ddulliau-asesu\/\">Crynodeb o Ddulliau Asesu<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/egwyddorion-allweddol\/egwyddor-5-asesu-syn-gyfystyr-a-dysgu\/adborth\/\">Adborth<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/dylunio-dysgu-a-pharatoi-i-addasu\/\">Dylunio Dysgu a Pharatoi i Addysgu<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/gwella-dysgu\/\">Gwella Dysgu<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Mae\u2019r adran hon yn cynnig ystod o adnoddau a chyngor i gynorthwyo a chefnogi staff academaidd ac Ysgolion i wella eu dulliau o farcio a chymedroli.","protected":false},"author":8900,"featured_media":0,"parent":295,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1534","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-asesu-ac-adborth"],"meta_box":{"cu_accordion":"","cu_alert":"","cu_tabs":"","cu_quote":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8900"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1534"}],"version-history":[{"count":78,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9108,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1534\/revisions\/9108"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}