{"id":8373,"date":"2024-12-10T14:04:20","date_gmt":"2024-12-10T14:04:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/?page_id=8373"},"modified":"2024-12-13T14:41:07","modified_gmt":"2024-12-13T14:41:07","slug":"ysbrydoli-arweinwyr-cynhwysol","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/trosolwg-or-themau\/cynwysoldeb\/datblygu-meddyliau-cynhwysol\/ysbrydoli-arweinwyr-cynhwysol\/","title":{"rendered":"Ysbrydoli arweinwyr cynhwysol"},"content":{"rendered":" \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-info with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg class=\"icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" viewBox=\"0 0 793 696\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"etZNF97Wf1q3-fill\" x1=\"351.931\" 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transform=\"matrix(1.13937 0 0 1 503.331 1752.58)\" fill=\"url(#etZNF97Wf1q6-fill)\"\/><\/g><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Dylunio Tudalennau Cynwysoldeb<\/h3>                <p>Mae'r holl dudalennau Cynwysoldeb wedi'u cynllunio gan ddilyn egwyddorion <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/trosolwg-or-themau\/cynwysoldeb\/dylunio-cyffredinol-ar-gyfer-dys-cynfyfyrwyrgu\/\">Dylunio Cyffredinol ar gyfer Dysgu (UDL<\/a>). Fe welwch gyfuniad o destun, fideo a delweddau, ynghyd \u00e2 rhai pwyntiau ar gyfer myfyrio, enghreifftiau ymarferol ac astudiaethau achos.<\/p>\n<p>Gallwch ddewis darllen y testun, neu gael mynediad at fideo o'r un deunydd. <a href=\"#section7\">Mae'r recordiad ar waelod y dudalen hon<\/a>. Gallwch hefyd fynychu gweithdy ar y pwnc: <a href=\"#section8\">i gael gwybod mwy gweler y blwch DPP ar waelod y dudalen hon<\/a>.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n<h2>Mynegi anghydraddoldebau a braint, gan gynnwys beirniadu dealltwriaeth o darddiad gwybodaeth bynciol<\/h2>\n<p>O fewn y sector, bu pwyslais cynyddol ar bwysigrwydd arallgyfeirio, dad-drefedigaethu a gweithredu cwricwlwm gwrth-hiliol a herio ein rhagfarnau diarwybod yn y ffordd rydym yn dylunio ac yn darparu addysgu.<br \/>\nIsod rydym yn trafod sut y gall y safbwyntiau a dulliau hyn ein helpu i fyfyrio ar ein harfer a\u2019i wella. Fodd bynnag, mae&#8217;n werth nodi, er ein bod yn eu trafod ar wah\u00e2n, bod tebygrwydd a gorgyffwrdd rhwng y dulliau hefyd.<\/p>\n<h3>Amrywio a dad-drefedigaethu&#8217;r cwricwlwm a beirniadu dealltwriaeth o darddiad gwybodaeth bynciol<\/h3>\n<p>Ysgrifennwyd llawer o lenyddiaeth ar amrywio&#8217;r cwricwlwm a dad-drefedigaethu\u2019r cwricwlwm gyda llawer o safbwyntiau ar yr hyn y mae pob term yn ei olygu.<\/p>\n<p>Ym Mhrifysgol Caerdydd, rydym yn cydnabod y gwahanol safbwyntiau hyn ac yn gwerthfawrogi&#8217;r safbwyntiau amrywiol. Mae&#8217;r adran ganlynol yn tynnu&#8217;n gyfannol ar y llenyddiaeth ar arallgyfeirio a dad-drefedigaethu addysgeg, gan werthfawrogi&#8217;r egwyddorion sydd wedi&#8217;u plethu sy&#8217;n cydnabod yr angen i arallgyfeirio, nodi, beirniadu a datgymalu tarddiadau presennol gwybodaeth o safbwynt ethnoganolog.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMae dad-drefedigaethu&#8217;r cwricwlwm yn cwestiynu effaith barhaus etifeddiaeth gwladychu ac imperialaeth ar gynhyrchu gwybodaeth. Mae dull dad-drefedigaethol yn ymwneud \u00e2 dadadeiladu hierarchaethau presennol, o blaid defnyddio sawl system\/dull gwybodaeth er mwyn integreiddio ystod o safbwyntiau, gan ganolbwyntio&#8217;n benodol ar ymhelaethu ar y lleisiau a dangynrychiolir yn y cwricwlwm ar hyn o bryd\u201d (UAL 2023: 3).<\/p>\n<p>Nid yw disgyblaethau sy&#8217;n rhan o&#8217;r academi wedi bod yn imiwn i&#8217;r broses o wladychu. Bydd y ffordd yr ydym yn ennill dealltwriaeth o&#8217;r byd wedi\u2019i seilio mewn bydolwg diwylliannol sydd naill ai wedi anwybyddu neu wedi bod yn wrthwynebus i systemau gwybodaeth sydd y tu allan i rai&#8217;r gwladychwyr. Defnyddiwyd ein methodolegau ymchwil ac addysgu, pob un yn offeryn cynhyrchu gwybodaeth, hefyd fel ffyrdd o ddosbarthu, trefnu a chynrychioli gwybodaeth.<\/p>\n<p>Mae rhai wedi mynegi pryderon bod dad-drefedigaethu&#8217;r cwricwlwm yn ymwneud ag anwybyddu neu ddileu&#8217;r hyn a fu. Ond nid dileu gwybodaeth neu hanesion a ddatblygwyd yn y gorllewin neu genhedloedd trefedigaethol yw dad-drefedigaethu; yn hytrach, mae&#8217;n golygu lleoli&#8217;r hanesion a&#8217;r wybodaeth nad ydynt yn tarddu o&#8217;r gorllewin yng nghyd-destun imperialaeth, gwladychiaeth a ph\u0175er, ac ystyried pam mae&#8217;r rhain wedi&#8217;u gwthio i&#8217;r cyrion a&#8217;u hanwybyddu (Arshad, 2021). Mae rhoi sylw i gynrychiolaeth a dad-drefedigaethu&#8217;r cwricwlwm yn ffocws mawr mewn llawer o sefydliadau Addysg Uwch.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arts.ac.uk\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0035\/228986\/AEM-Decolonising-pedagogy-and-the-curriculum-PDF-224KB.pdf\">Mae arweiniad gwych gan University of Arts London<\/a> a all gynorthwyo eich myfyrdodau ar y mater arwyddocaol hwn mewn addysg gynhwysol.<\/p>\n<p>Mae SOAS wedi cynhyrchu pecyn <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.soas.ac.uk\/decolonisingsoas\/files\/2018\/10\/Decolonising-SOAS-Learning-and-Teaching-Toolkit-AB.pdf\">cymorth<\/a> defnyddiol. Gwyliwch y fideo isod gan SOAS, a darllenwch yr Astudiaeth Achos (Y Brifysgol Agored, 2018), neu darllenwch fwy am brosi<a href=\"https:\/\/decolonisingdmu.our.dmu.ac.uk\/staff\/toolkit\/work-with-tutors\/\">ect De Montford ar<\/a> ddad-drefedigaethu&#8217;r cwricwlwm<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Decolonising the Curriculum: A Global Education\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rtCuyJEv2wI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n<!-- iframe plugin v.6.0 wordpress.org\/plugins\/iframe\/ -->\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"image w-100\" src=\"https:\/\/universityofbrighton.padlet.org\/embed\/3ulm39d4w29dx6sw\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert 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transform=\"matrix(1.13937 0 0 1 503.331 1752.58)\" fill=\"url(#etZNF97Wf1q6-fill)\"\/><\/g><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Astudiaeth Achos<\/h3>                <p>'Rwy'n dysgu ar un cwrs sy'n cynnwys tua 80% o fenywod, ac un arall sy'n cynnwys 50% o fenywod o gefndir BME. Mae'r ddau yn anelu at sector sydd wedi cael ei ddominyddu yn y gorffennol gan ddynion gwyn. Fe wnes yn si\u0175r fy mod yn cynnwys amrywiaeth o ymarferwyr yn fy nghyfeirnodau, ac yn gwahodd darlithwyr gwadd sy'n adlewyrchu ethnigrwydd a rhywedd y myfyrwyr yn well. Mae'n gofyn am ymchwil sy'n anelu yn weithredol ac yn benodol at fynd i'r afael \u00e2'r angen hwn am amrywiaeth. '<\/p>\n<p>Astudiaeth Achos y Brifysgol Agored (2018)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n<p>Mae Arshad (2021) yn awgrymu nifer o gamau wrth fynd i\u2019r afael \u00e2 dad-drefedigaethu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li>Datblygu dealltwriaeth o\u2019r rhesymau pam mae dad-drefedigaethu&#8217;r cwricwlwm yn bwysig<\/li>\n<li>Archwilio ein disgyblaeth bynciol ein hunain i nodi a oes canonau gwybodaeth amgen sydd wedi&#8217;u gwthio i&#8217;r cyrion neu eu hanwybyddu o ganlyniad i wladychiaeth<\/li>\n<li>Sicrhau bod amrywiaeth o leisiau a safbwyntiau yn cael eu cynrychioli a ffyrdd y gallech ailgysyniadu&#8217;r cwricwlwm i adlewyrchu safbwyntiau byd-eang a hanesyddol ehangach.<\/li>\n<li>Ystyried amrywiaeth ein grwpiau myfyrwyr a sicrhau bod cynnwys dysgu yn symud y tu hwnt i fframweithiau gorllewinol i fyd-eang.<\/li>\n<li>Mae amrywio&#8217;r rhestr ddarllen wedi bod yn un llwybr y mae llawer wedi&#8217;i ddewis fel ffordd gyflym o ddechrau&#8217;r daith o ddad-drefedigaethu&#8217;r cwricwlwm. Mae gwerth isganfyddol mewn amrywio&#8217;r rhestr ddarllen, oherwydd ei bod yn ffordd o gynefino dysgwyr \u00e2 phresenoldeb ystod o awduron, boed hynny&#8217;n awduron o grwpiau ethnig amrywiol, awduron sy\u2019n uniaethu fel LHDTC, neu\u2019r rhai \u00e2 nodweddion eraill.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>O amrywio i ddad-drefedigaethu: darparwch gyfleoedd i&#8217;r myfyrwyr drafod etifeddiaeth hanesyddol trefedigaethu ar gyfer y maes pwnc hwnnw. Er enghraifft, mewn seryddiaeth pan fyddwn yn trafod bywyd, bydysawd, planedau a s\u00ear, gallwn agor trafodaethau ar sut y gallai safbwyntiau gwahanol ddeall y pynciau hyn. Sut gallai gwahanol gymunedau brodorol ddeall a siarad am s\u00ear? A fyddai drwy iaith archwilio a choncwest o\u2019r gofod neu o ran mordwyo a goroesi? (Arshad 2021)<\/p>\n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-success with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg class=\"icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" viewBox=\"0 0 793 696\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"etZNF97Wf1q3-fill\" x1=\"351.931\" y1=\"516.34\" x2=\"670.917\" y2=\"516.34\" spreadMethod=\"pad\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" gradientTransform=\"translate(0 0)\"><stop id=\"etZNF97Wf1q3-fill-0\" offset=\"0%\" stop-color=\"#12d69e\"\/><stop id=\"etZNF97Wf1q3-fill-1\" offset=\"100%\" stop-color=\"#00a870\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"etZNF97Wf1q4-fill\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"153.98\" x2=\"318.986\" y2=\"153.98\" spreadMethod=\"pad\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" gradientTransform=\"translate(0 0)\"><stop id=\"etZNF97Wf1q4-fill-0\" offset=\"0%\" 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transform=\"matrix(1.13937 0 0 1 503.331 1752.58)\" fill=\"url(#etZNF97Wf1q6-fill)\"\/><\/g><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Pwyntiau i Fyfyrio Arnynt<\/h3>                <p>Adolygu eich ymarfer i fynegi a herio arferion a allai gadw anghydraddoldebau a braint<\/p>\n<p>1. Sut byddwch chi'n dod o hyd i gynnwys neu'n ysgrifennu cynnwys (gan gynnwys astudiaethau achos) gan dynnu o ffynonellau sy'n adlewyrchu ystod eang o amrywiaeth yn y gymuned ddysgu, yn hytrach na dibynnu ar gynnwys blaenorol a allai gynrychioli ystod fwy cul?<\/p>\n<p>2. Sut byddwch chi'n herio normau disgyblu ac yn gwneud y cymhwyster yn berthnasol i gorff amrywiol o fyfyrwyr?<\/p>\n<p>3. Sut byddwch yn sicrhau bod yr amgylchedd dysgu ac addysgu yn groesawgar ac yn gynhwysol ac yn annog grwpiau sydd heb gynrychiolaeth ddigonol i gymryd rhan?<\/p>\n<p>4. Sut byddwch yn caniat\u00e1u i fyfyrwyr ddefnyddio eu profiadau a'u cefndiroedd amrywiol eu hunain i gyfrannu at y gweithgareddau dysgu ac asesu?<\/p>\n<p>5. A fydd y staff a fydd yn ymwneud \u00e2 dylunio modiwlau unigol, cynhyrchu a chyflwyno addysgu wedi cael hyfforddiant ar ragfarn ddiarwybod a chydraddoldeb?<\/p>\n<p>(Y Brifysgol Agored, 2018)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n<h2>Addysgeg wrth-hiliol<\/h2>\n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-success with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg class=\"icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" viewBox=\"0 0 793 696\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"etZNF97Wf1q3-fill\" x1=\"351.931\" y1=\"516.34\" x2=\"670.917\" y2=\"516.34\" spreadMethod=\"pad\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" gradientTransform=\"translate(0 0)\"><stop id=\"etZNF97Wf1q3-fill-0\" offset=\"0%\" stop-color=\"#12d69e\"\/><stop id=\"etZNF97Wf1q3-fill-1\" 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Defnyddio cynnwys pwnc i agor trafodaethau am hiliaeth a gwrth-hiliaeth, gan alluogi myfyriwr i gwestiynu tarddiad gwybodaeth.<\/p>\n<p>2. Ymgysylltu, ymchwilio a dysgu am anghydraddoldebau hiliol ar draws cymdeithas yn weithredol. Adnabod anghydraddoldebau yw'r cam cyntaf o ran cydnabod yr angen am newid.<\/p>\n<p>3. Cymryd yr amser i fyfyrio arnoch chi'ch hun a'ch rhagfarnau a'ch rhagdybiaethau eich hun.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n<figure id=\"post-8222 media-8222\" class=\"image w-50 align-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-10-29-162522.png\" alt=\"3 overlapping circles An anti-racist Wales in the middle where the 3 circles overlap. Top left circle: Lived experiences Top right circle: Rights- based Bottom central circle: Open and Transparent\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>figure1: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.wales\/anti-racist-wales-action-plan-2022\">Anti-racist Wales Action Plan: 2022 | GOV.WALES<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bu cydnabyddiaeth o hiliaeth sefydliadol a systematig o fewn cymdeithas ers marwolaeth George Lloyd Floyd yn 2020 a&#8217;r mudiad Mae Bywydau Du o Bwys, a daniodd alwad i weithredu i gymdeithas gyfan fynd ati i fod yn wrth-hiliol.<\/p>\n<p>Mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi addo cymdeithas wrth-hiliol yng Nghymru erbyn 2030, gyda chamau allweddol i addysg uwch o sicrhau bod profiad pob myfyriwr yn gydradd, a bod gwahaniaethu hiliol a hiliaeth sefydliadol yn cael sylw a&#8217;i ddatgymalu. Yn 2020, lansiodd Advance HE yr ymgyrch Mynd i&#8217;r Afael ag Anghydraddoldeb Hil Strwythurol mewn Addysg Uwch. Ei phwrpas oedd cefnogi sefydliadau addysg uwch y DU i &#8216;ddeall a mynd i&#8217;r afael ag \u2026 anghydraddoldeb hil strwythurol ym mhob agwedd ar addysg uwch&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p>Mae Prifysgol Caerdydd (strategaeth &#8216;Ein dyfodol, gyda&#8217;n gilydd&#8217;, 2024) wedi ymrwymo i ddod yn sefydliad sy\u2019n wrth-hiliol yn weithredol erbyn 2030, gyda llawer o waith eisoes ar y gweill ar draws y sefydliad ac wrth ymgysylltu \u00e2 chymunedau ledled Cymru a&#8217;r sector.<\/p>\n<h2>Beth yw cwricwlwm gwrth-hiliol?<\/h2>\n<p>Lle mae dad-drefedigaethu ac amrywio&#8217;r cwricwlwm yn canolbwyntio ar yr angen i fyfyrio yn feirniadol, amrywio, cwestiynu a dadadeiladu systemau gwybodaeth hierarchaidd presennol, mae addysgeg wrth-hiliol yn dechrau gyda chi&#8217;ch hun a phwysigrwydd myfyrio ar ein haddysgeg, ein hymddygiadau a&#8217;n credoau ein hunain.<\/p>\n<p>Wrth ystyried beth mae hyn yn ei olygu ar gyfer dysgu ac addysgu, mae ymarfer gwrth-hiliol yn canolbwyntio ar archwilio ein harferion, ein haddysgeg, ein cwricwlwm a&#8217;n hymddygiadau ein hunain er mwyn cydnabod rhagfarnau a gweithredu newid yn weithredol. Mae&#8217;r broses o hunanfyfyrio yn allweddol i ymarfer gwrth-hiliol ac mae&#8217;n symud i ffwrdd o ymgorffori cynnwys hil yn unig mewn modiwlau a rhaglenni sydd \u00e2 ffocws hil neu ethnigrwydd, tuag at ddadadeiladu mathau o addysgeg a ddefnyddir i addysgu ac ymchwilio, gan gwestiynu ein safle ein hunain o fewn yr amgylchedd dysgu (Kendi 2019). Pan fyddwn yn myfyrio ar ein rhagdybiaethau a&#8217;n rhagfarnau ein hunain ac yn cymryd rhan weithredol mewn addysgeg wrth-hiliaeth, rydym yn effeithio ar sut rydym yn dylunio, addysgu ac asesu ein myfyrwyr gyda&#8217;r nod o ddarparu cwricwlwm sy&#8217;n galluogi pob myfyriwr i ymgysylltu a datblygu yn eu taith gwrth-hiliaeth eu hunain.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"post-8285 media-8285\" class=\"image align-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-05-08-135017.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-success with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg class=\"icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" viewBox=\"0 0 793 696\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\"><defs><linearGradient 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transform=\"matrix(1.13937 0 0 1 503.331 1752.58)\" fill=\"url(#etZNF97Wf1q6-fill)\"\/><\/g><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Myfyrio<\/h3>                <p>Ble ydych chi ar y daith i ddod yn wrth-hiliol?<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Sut ydw i'n bod yn hunanymwybodol?<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Beth yw fy rhagfarnau?<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 O ble mae ein myfyrwyr yn dod, beth yw eu straeon, a sut alla i ddysgu eu straeon?<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 A ydw i'n ymwybodol o\u2019m grym ac i beidio \u00e2'i gam-drin?<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Ydw i'n bod yn gadarnhaol am fy myfyrwyr yn yr hyn rwy'n ei addysgu a sut rwy'n ei addysgu?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n<p>\u201cThe only way to undo racism is to consistently identify it and describe it \u2013 and then dismantle it.\u201d \u2013 Dr. Ibram X. Kendi, How to Be an Antiracist (2019)<br \/>\nGan ddefnyddio gwaith Kendi (2019), oherwydd bod hiliaeth yn sefydliadol a systematig, mae bod yn wrth-hiliol yn broses weithredol o adnabod a gwrthwynebu hiliaeth er mwyn newid yn weithredol y polis\u00efau, yr arferion a&#8217;r ymddygiadau a&#8217;r credoau sy&#8217;n galluogi gweithredoedd hiliol i barhau. Cynhwysiant yw sylfaen ymarfer dysgu ac addysgu da ond, pan fyddwch yn edrych ar ddysgu drwy lens wrth-hiliol, rydych chi&#8217;n adeiladu ar arferion gorau ac yn archwilio&#8217;n feirniadol pwy, pam a sut yr ydym yn addysgu.<\/p>\n<p>Mae addysgeg wrth-hiliaeth yn esblygu&#8217;n gyson, gydag adnoddau ar gael ar draws y sector sy&#8217;n rhoi arweiniad ar sut i ddatblygu ymarfer ar draws gwahanol ddisgyblaethau. Mae Prosiect Cwricwlwm Gwrth-Hiliol gan Advance <a href=\"https:\/\/www.advance-he.ac.uk\/anti-racist-curriculum-project\">HE (2021) Anti-Racist Curriculum Project | Advance HE<\/a> yn darparu cyfoeth o arweiniad ar wahanol agweddau ar gwricwlwm gwrth-hiliol. Os ydych yn dymuno archwilio mwy o becynnau cymorth a chanllawiau o bob rhan o&#8217;r sector, neidiwch i&#8217;r adran archwiliad dyfnach isod.<\/p>\n<p>Wrth leoli eich disgyblaeth a&#8217;ch cwricwlwm gan ddefnyddio persbectif gwrth-hiliol, ystyriaeth allweddol yw&#8217;r angen i greu mannau diogel a dewr i staff a myfyrwyr ddod \u00e2&#8217;u hunain dilys iddynt a rhannu eu profiadau a&#8217;u safbwyntiau. Bydd gan y ddau ddealltwriaeth amrywiol o addysgeg wrth-hiliaeth, ac mae&#8217;n bwysig cydnabod hyn a darparu cyfleoedd i holl aelodau&#8217;r gymuned ddysgu ddysgu a myfyrio. Isod fe welwch ystyriaethau wrth weithredu gwrth-hiliaeth yn y cwricwlwm.<\/p>\n<div class=\"accordion accordion-accessible\"><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-creating-brave-spaces-for-developing-inclusive-mindsets-cy-1\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Creu mannau dewr<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-creating-brave-spaces-for-developing-inclusive-mindsets-cy-1\"><p>Yn seiliedig ar waith Arao, B, a Clemens, K (2013):<br \/>\n\u2022 I ba raddau mae athrawon a myfyrwyr yn ymwybodol o'r hyn a allai fod yn gyfystyr ag ymddygiad hiliol neu hileiddio mewn cyd-destun dysgu?<br \/>\nGallai'r rhain gynnwys amlygiadau o amharch personol, megis torri ar draws myfyrwyr, chwerthin am eu pennau neu siarad drostynt; disgwyl i rywun weithredu fel 'llefarydd' ar gyfer gr\u0175p neu farn benodol; stigmateiddio gwahanol lwybrau i addysg neu sgiliau ieithyddol a allai fod yn gysylltiedig ag ethnigrwydd; ffurfiau ddiarwybod o ragfarn o ran cydnabyddiaeth, disgwyliadau a rhyngweithio personol; yn ogystal \u00e2 ffurfiau mwy amlwg o wahaniaethu a rhagfarn.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 A oes dealltwriaeth o sut y gellir mynd i'r afael \u00e2'r rhain?<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 A roddir lle ac amser mewn modiwlau, darlithoedd, seminarau ac oriau swyddfa i fyfyrwyr gydnabod ac wynebu hyn yn agored?<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 A oes gan fyfyrwyr le i fynd i drafod y materion hyn?<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-creating-brave-spaces-for-developing-inclusive-mindsets-cy-2\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Arferion Dysgu ac Addysgu <\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-creating-brave-spaces-for-developing-inclusive-mindsets-cy-2\"><ul>\n<li>\u00a0Rhagwelwch sut i fframio pynciau sy'n gysylltiedig \u00e2 hil ac amrywiol fathau o anghydraddoldeb, gan y gallant fod o bwys emosiynol mewn gwahanol ffyrdd i fyfyrwyr ag ystod o brofiadau.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Efallai y byddwch yn ychwanegu datganiad gwrth-hiliol i'ch maes llafur sy'n ddilys i'ch llais a thrafod ei oblygiadau ar gyfer eich cwrs gyda'ch myfyrwyr.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Ystyriwch oedi i fyfyrio ac ystyried a fu adegau pan allech fod wedi bod yn fwy bwriadol neu'n benodol wrth-hiliol wrth arwain trafodaeth neu sesiwn ddosbarth. I adeiladu ar y myfyrio hwn, ceisiwch gasglu adborth gan eich myfyrwyr yn rheolaidd er mwyn deall eu profiadau a'u safbwyntiau.<\/li>\n<li>Ceisiwch ddarparu cyfleoedd i fyfyrwyr fyfyrio ar eu rhagfarnau eu hunain, er enghraifft drwy fyfyrio ysgrifenedig unigol neu drafodaeth gr\u0175p bach. Efallai y bydd gan fyfyrwyr ystod o ymatebion emosiynol, a allai olygu cynllunio gofod iddynt brosesu'r emosiynau hynny.<\/li>\n<li>Os ydych chi'n gyfforddus yn gwneud hynny, rhannwch eich taith eich hun gyda'ch myfyrwyr fel dysgwr sy'n gwneud camgymeriadau ond sy'n ymdrechu'n barhaus i wneud yn well. Fel eich myfyrwyr, efallai y bydd angen amser arnoch i brosesu'ch emosiynau yn seiliedig ar eich safleoldeb a'ch profiadau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-creating-brave-spaces-for-developing-inclusive-mindsets-cy-3\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Pwysigrwydd Iaith<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-creating-brave-spaces-for-developing-inclusive-mindsets-cy-3\"><p>O Brosiect Cwricwlwm Gwrth-Hiliaeth Advance HE<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.advance-he.ac.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-03\/ARC Language Matters Portfolio March 22.pdf\">Portffolio Pwysigrwydd Iaith ARC Mawrth 22.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Mae Arbu-Arqoub ac Alserhan (2019) yn awgrymu'r meddyliau a chamau gweithredu canlynol i geisio goresgyn camliwio.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"post-8229 media-8229\" class=\"image align-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-10-30-113512.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><\/div>\n<h2>Rhagfarn Ddiarwybod a &#8216;Hygrededd Epistemig&#8217;<\/h2>\n<p>Gwyliwch y cyflwyniad byr hwn ar ragfarn ddiarwybod:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How to use Unconscious Bias Training For Students - understanding unconscious bias video\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LAFr7_CvZhA?start=5&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Yn aml, mae addysgwyr yn ceisio neu&#8217;n honni eu bod yn mynd ar drywydd niwtraliaeth a thegwch wrth addysgu. Ni waeth am fwriadau da, trwy fynd ar drywydd niwtraliaeth, gallai addysgwyr gyfrannu at anwybyddu dynameg p\u0175er bresennol a chynnal systemau anghyfartal. Mae asesiad addysgwr o bwy all ddysgu a phwy all gynhyrchu gwybodaeth dan ddylanwad ei ragdybiaethau am y myfyrwyr, yn seiliedig ar ei benderfyniad i ystyried neu eithrio agweddau ar eu hunaniaethau cymdeithasol.<\/p>\n<p>Yn yr amgylchedd dysgu, hygrededd epistemig (neu hygrededd gwybodaeth) yw&#8217;r awdurdod a roddir i ddysgwr i dderbyn a chynhyrchu gwybodaeth. Mewn geiriau eraill, hygrededd epistemig yw&#8217;r awdurdod i fod yn ddysgwr yn ogystal ag aelod sy&#8217;n cyfrannu at y broses addysgu a dysgu (Parsons ac Ozaki, 2020).<\/p>\n<p>Yn syml, mae addysgwyr yn rhoi neu&#8217;n gwrthod rhoi hygrededd epistemig i&#8217;w myfyrwyr. Maent yn gwneud hyn yn ymwybodol neu&#8217;n anymwybodol wrth iddynt fesur awdurdod gwybodaeth myfyrwyr (h.y., faint y maent\/y gallant\/y dylent ei ddysgu, faint y maent\/y gallant\/y dylent ei gyfrannu yn y dosbarth). Yn aml, pan fyddant yn brin o wybodaeth am unigolyn, fe all addysgwyr droi at farnu yn \u00f4l ymddangosiad (er enghraifft, ymddangosiad sy\u2019n awgrymu eu bod yn perthyn i grwpiau cysylltiedig), hyd yn oed os nad ydynt yn ymwybodol o hynny. Mae addysgwyr yn aml yn gwneud y dyfarniadau hyn yn seiliedig ar yr hyn y maent yn ei weld, yn ei wybod, neu&#8217;n ei dybio am eu dysgwyr yn seiliedig ar ymddangosiad neu ryngweithio \u00e2 nhw. Mae bod yn ymwybodol o hunaniaethau myfyrwyr a chredoau epistemig addysgwyr yn hanfodol i greu ystafelloedd dosbarth cynhwysol (Parsons ac Ozaki, 2020).<\/p>\n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-success with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg class=\"icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 30 30\"><title>Globe<\/title><path d=\"M15,2a15,15,0,1,1,0,30A15,15,0,0,1,0,17,15,15,0,0,1,15,2ZM10.34,7.44L10,8a5.88,5.88,0,0,0-.31.63C9.53,9.06,9.31,9.53,9.16,10H14V4.16a2.78,2.78,0,0,0-.66.25,5,5,0,0,0-.69.41,6.52,6.52,0,0,0-1.22,1.09,10.24,10.24,0,0,0-1.09,1.53h0ZM16,10h4.84c-0.09-.22-0.16-0.47-0.25-0.69A12.87,12.87,0,0,0,20,8a5.49,5.49,0,0,1-.34-0.56,10.13,10.13,0,0,0-1.09-1.53,6.55,6.55,0,0,0-1.22-1.09,7.68,7.68,0,0,0-.66-0.41A3.67,3.67,0,0,0,16,4.16V10h0ZM5.81,7.81q-0.52.52-.94,1C4.59,9.22,4.28,9.63,4,10H7A15.68,15.68,0,0,1,8.09,7.44,11.33,11.33,0,0,1,9.41,5.28,11.54,11.54,0,0,0,7.5,6.38,10.52,10.52,0,0,0,5.81,7.81ZM23,10h3c-0.25-.37-0.56-0.78-0.84-1.16a13.7,13.7,0,0,0-.94-1A10.58,10.58,0,0,0,22.5,6.38a11.51,11.51,0,0,0-1.91-1.09,13.28,13.28,0,0,1,1.34,2.16A19,19,0,0,1,23,10h0ZM6.5,12H3a9,9,0,0,0-.62,2A10.61,10.61,0,0,0,2,16H6a14.66,14.66,0,0,1,.16-2.06c0.09-.66.19-1.31,0.31-1.94h0ZM14,12H8.56c-0.16.63-.25,1.31-0.34,2A10.67,10.67,0,0,0,8,16h6V12h0Zm2,0v4h6a14.19,14.19,0,0,0-.16-2c-0.12-.66-0.22-1.34-0.37-2H16Zm8,4h4a13.75,13.75,0,0,0-.31-2A11.21,11.21,0,0,0,27,12H23.5c0.13,0.63.22,1.28,0.31,1.94A14.51,14.51,0,0,1,24,16h0ZM3,22H6.5c-0.12-.62-0.22-1.28-0.31-1.94A14.51,14.51,0,0,1,6,18H2a10.6,10.6,0,0,0,.34,2A9,9,0,0,0,3,22H3Zm11-4H8a10.67,10.67,0,0,0,.19,2c0.09,0.66.19,1.34,0.34,2H14V18h0Zm2,4h5.44c0.16-.62.25-1.31,0.38-2A14.06,14.06,0,0,0,22,18H16v4Zm7.5,0H27a11.21,11.21,0,0,0,.66-2A13.9,13.9,0,0,0,28,18H24a14.66,14.66,0,0,1-.16,2.06c-0.09.66-.19,1.31-0.31,1.94h0ZM7,24H4c0.25,0.38.56,0.78,0.84,1.13a9.9,9.9,0,0,0,.94,1.06A10.58,10.58,0,0,0,7.5,27.63a11.51,11.51,0,0,0,1.91,1.09,11.33,11.33,0,0,1-1.31-2.16A15.79,15.79,0,0,1,7,24H7Zm2.12,0,0.28,0.69A7,7,0,0,0,10,26c0.09,0.22.22,0.41,0.31,0.59a9.78,9.78,0,0,0,1.09,1.5,6.78,6.78,0,0,0,1.22,1.13,3,3,0,0,0,.69.38,2,2,0,0,0,.66.28V24H9.16Zm10.5,2.56c0.09-.19.22-0.37,0.34-0.59s0.22-.41.31-0.62c0.19-.44.38-0.87,0.53-1.34H16v5.84a2.45,2.45,0,0,0,.69-0.28,3.51,3.51,0,0,0,.66-0.37,6.78,6.78,0,0,0,1.22-1.12,9.78,9.78,0,0,0,1.09-1.5h0Zm4.53-.37a10,10,0,0,0,.94-1.06c0.28-.34.59-0.75,0.84-1.12H23a19.07,19.07,0,0,1-1,2.56,13.28,13.28,0,0,1-1.34,2.16,11.54,11.54,0,0,0,1.91-1.09,10.52,10.52,0,0,0,1.69-1.44h0Z\" transform=\"translate(0 -2)\"><\/path><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Gweithgaredd Myfyrio:<\/h3>                <p>\u2022 I ba raddau y mae gennych gysyniad o'r 'myfyriwr nodweddiadol'?<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Allwch chi nodi meysydd lle gallech chi wneud rhagdybiaethau am ymddygiad myfyrwyr \u2013 er enghraifft, bod yn hwyr neu ddiffyg sylw?<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 A oes gennych ddisgwyliadau gwahanol o fyfyrwyr yn ddiarwybod yn seiliedig ar ymddangosiad, neu iaith?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Ble Nesaf?<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Addysg Gynhwysol: Mynegai&#8217;r Pynciau<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245418&quot;:true,&quot;134245529&quot;:true,&quot;335559738&quot;:360,&quot;335559739&quot;:80}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"post-7198 media-7198\" class=\"image align-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/files\/2024\/10\/Inclusive-education-map-3.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n<figure><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"image align-none\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">Rydych chi ar dudalen<\/span><strong style=\"background-color: #ffffff\"> 5 o 9 <\/strong><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">o\u2019r tudalennauthema Cynwysoldeb. Archwiliwch y lleill yma:<\/span><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/trosolwg-or-themau\/cynwysoldeb\/cyflwyniad-i-addysg-gynhwysol\/\">1..Cynwysoldeb a Fframwaith Addysg Gynhwysol Prifysgol Caerdydd<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/trosolwg-or-themau\/cynwysoldeb\/cyflwyniad-i-addysg-gynhwysol\/\">2.Cyflwyniad i Addysg Gynhwysol<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/trosolwg-or-themau\/cynwysoldeb\/meithrin-ymdeimlad-o-berthyn-i-bob-myfyriwr\/\"><strong>3. <\/strong>Meithrin ymdeimlad o berthyn i bob myfyriwr;<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/trosolwg-or-themau\/cynwysoldeb\/grymuso-myfyrwyr-i-wireddu-eu-potensial\/\">4. Grymuso myfyrwyr i gyflawni eu potensial;<\/a><br \/>\n<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/trosolwg-or-themau\/cynwysoldeb\/datblygu-meddyliau-cynhwysol\/\">5. Datblygu meddylfryd cynhwysol<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/trosolwg-or-themau\/cynwysoldeb\/dylunio-cyffredinol-ar-gyfer-dys-cynfyfyrwyrgu\/\">6. Dylunio Cyffredinol ar gyfer Dysgu\u202f<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/trosolwg-or-themau\/cynwysoldeb\/hygychedd-digidol\/\">7. Hygyrchedd Digidol<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/trosolwg-or-themau\/cynwysoldeb\/anabledd-a-dyslecsia\/\">8. Anabledd a Dyslecsia<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/trosolwg-or-themau\/cynwysoldeb\/myfyrwyr-rhyngwladol\/\">9. Myfyrwyr Rhyngwladd<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Mynegi anghydraddoldebau a braint, gan gynnwys beirniadu dealltwriaeth o darddiad gwybodaeth bynciol O fewn y sector, bu pwyslais cynyddol ar bwysigrwydd arallgyfeirio, dad-drefedigaethu a gweithredu cwricwlwm gwrth-hiliol a herio ein [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1456,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8373","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"meta_box":{"cu_accordion":"","cu_alert":"","cu_tabs":"","cu_quote":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8373"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8537,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8373\/revisions\/8537"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}