{"id":1574,"date":"2021-03-11T11:02:19","date_gmt":"2021-03-11T11:02:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/ukcxl\/?page_id=1574"},"modified":"2021-12-02T15:24:18","modified_gmt":"2021-12-02T15:24:18","slug":"genipin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/ukcxl\/genipin\/","title":{"rendered":"GENIPIN"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Genipin is a naturally occurring cross-linker derived from the plant Gardenia jasminoides that has low cytoxicity and can form stable and biocompatible cross-linked products [1]<\/strong>. Many laboratory studies have been conducted into the use of genipin cross-linking to enhance the biostability of collagen\/chitosan scaffolds for ocular surface reconstruction [2-3]<\/strong>, myocardial [4]<\/strong> and cartilage tissue regeneration [5]<\/strong> and numerous other applications. Its ability to strengthen the sclera has also highlighted the potential usefulness of genipin cross-linking in stabalising ocular tissue to prevent myopia progression [6]<\/strong>. In terms of the cornea, laboratory studies have also shown that removal of the corneal epithelium, followed by a 30-minute application of 0.25% genipin produces a stiffening effect that is comparable to that achieved with riboflavin\/UVA cross-linking [7]<\/strong>.\u00a0 However, unlike riboflavin\/UVA cross-linking which results in a loss of corneal cells (keratoyctes) from the anterior 300\u03bcm of the corneal stroma, minimal keratocyte apoptosis occurs immediately after genipin cross-linking [8]<\/strong>, and even after 14-days there is only a small amount of keratocyte loss in the anterior 50\u03bcm of the stroma [7]<\/strong>. Further to this, significant corneal flattening has been recorded in genipin-treated rabbit corneas at 60-day follow-up, with minimal blue staining of the cornea (caused by the blue pigment of genipin) and no damage to the endothelium [9]<\/strong>. Although the potential of this cross-linker is clear and further testing is warranted, the dose-dependent discolouration of the transparent cornea may prove to be a limiting factor in its clinical usefulness for the management of corneal disorders, such as keratoconus.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1.. Sung H., et al. Feasibility study of a natural crosslinking reagent for biological tissue fixation. J Biomed Mater Res. 1998; 42: 560-567.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

2. Grolik M., et al. Hydrogel membranes based on genipin-cross-linked chitosan blends for corneal epithelium tissue engineering. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2012; 23: 1991-2000.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

3. Li Y., et al. Characterization of the modified chitosan membrane cross-linked with genipin for the cultured corneal epithelial cells. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 205; 126: 237-244.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

4. Fang Y., et al. Assessment of various crosslinking agents on collagen\/chitosan scaffolds for myocardial tissue engineering. Biomed Mater. 2020. 15: 045003.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

5. Yan L., et al. Genipin-cross-linked collagen\/chitosan biomimetic scaffolds for articular cartilage tissue engineering applications. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010; 95: 465-475.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

6. Liu T and Z Wang. Collagen crosslinking of porcine sclera using genipin. Acta Ophthalmologica. 2013; 91: e253-e257.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

7. Tang Y., et al. A study of corneal structure and biomechanical properties after collagen crosslinking with genipin in rabbit corneas.Mol Vis. 2019; 25: 574-582.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

8. Song W et al. The comparative safety of genipin versus UVA-riboflavin crosslinking of rabbit corneas. Mol Vis. 2017; 23: 504-513.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

9. Avila M., et al. Effects of genipin corneal crosslinking in rabbit corneas. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016. 42: 1073-1077.<\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

Last updated: March 2021<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Genipin is a naturally occurring cross-linker derived from the plant Gardenia jasminoides that has low cytoxicity and can form stable and biocompatible cross-linked products [1]. Many laboratory studies have been conducted into the use of genipin cross-linking to enhance the biostability of collagen\/chitosan scaffolds for ocular surface reconstruction [2-3], myocardial [4] and cartilage tissue regeneration […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":826,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1574","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P3RmFt-po","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"meta_box":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/ukcxl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/ukcxl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/ukcxl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/ukcxl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/826"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/ukcxl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1574"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/ukcxl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1574\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1687,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/ukcxl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1574\/revisions\/1687"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/ukcxl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}