{"id":6,"date":"2014-07-03T07:59:25","date_gmt":"2014-07-03T07:59:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/xpsaccess\/?page_id=6"},"modified":"2016-01-04T13:25:12","modified_gmt":"2016-01-04T13:25:12","slug":"about","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/xpsaccess\/about\/","title":{"rendered":"About XPS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"lead\" style=\"text-align: justify\">The School of Chemistry is pleased to offer an X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) surface analysis\u00a0service to universities, individuals and industry.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">What can XPS be used for?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) \u00a0is an Ultra high Vacuum (UHV) technique and is suitable for the quantitative determination of elemental composition (atomic %) of elements in the surface region of solid sample. \u00a0Additionally, quantitative differentiation of the same element\u00a0in different chemical environments (e.g. Al metal vs Al<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub> or C-C vs. C=O) can be obtained.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">XPS involves irradiating the surface of interest with soft X-rays and analysing\u00a0the energy of the emitted photoelectrons. \u00a0Since these electrons have energies which are typically less than 1500 eV they interact strongly with the material under analysis and can therefore only escape from the top few atomic layers. \u00a0The binding energy of the core levels from which the photoelectrons are emitted are sensitive to the number of electrons in the valence band, and so the technique enables chemical state information to be obtained from the top few atomic layers of a surface. Analyses\u00a0can be applied to all vacuum compatible solid materials whether they are conducting, semi-conductors or insulators. \u00a0Layered samples may also be depth profiled in order to investigate the layer distribution. \u00a0Additionally, researchers interested in ionic liquids can apply XPS to their samples due to their negligible vapour pressure.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">XPS is sensitive to all elements apart from hydrogen and helium and is highly surface sensitive with information typically arising from the top\u00a0<em>ca<\/em>.\u00a01-5 nm. Through measurement of the element peak areas and correction with the appropriate sensitivity factors, XPS has a sensitivity for most elements\u00a0of\u00a0<em>ca<\/em>.\u00a00.1 at%.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Further examples ans information on specific XPS related analysis can be found using the left hand menu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The School of Chemistry is pleased to offer an X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) surface analysis\u00a0service to universities, individuals and industry. What can XPS be used for? X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) \u00a0is an Ultra high Vacuum (UHV) technique and is suitable for the quantitative determination of elemental composition (atomic %) of elements in the surface region<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":743,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"meta_box":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/xpsaccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/xpsaccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/xpsaccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/xpsaccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/743"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/xpsaccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/xpsaccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":330,"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/xpsaccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6\/revisions\/330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/xpsaccess\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}