{"id":10380,"date":"2026-10-07T16:28:26","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T15:28:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/?page_id=10380"},"modified":"2026-10-08T21:24:03","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T20:24:03","slug":"canllawiau-cynllunio-asesiadau-prifysgol-caerdydd-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cy\/canllawiau-cynllunio-asesiadau-prifysgol-caerdydd-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Canllawiau Cynllunio Asesiadau Prifysgol Caerdydd\u202f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Mae&#8217;r canllawiau hyn yn cynnwys offer ac ystyriaethau ymarferol i gefnogi Ysgolion a thimau rhaglenni i fabwysiadu dull cyfannol, ar lefel rhaglenni, o gynllunio asesiadau.\u00a0 Mae wedi\u2019i drefnu yn \u00f4l yr adrannau canlynol:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Adran 1:\u00a0Dull lefel rhaglen o gynllunio asesiadau<\/li>\n<li>Adran 2:\u00a0Diagnosteg (EAT)<\/li>\n<li>Adran 3:\u00a0Deallusrwydd Artiffisial Cynhyrchiol a chynllunio asesiadau<\/li>\n<li>Adran 4:\u00a0Datblygu Meini Prawf Asesu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fe&#8217;i bwriedir ar gyfer yr holl staff sy&#8217;n ymwneud \u00e2 Datblygu Rhaglenni, boed yn wasanaethau academaidd neu broffesiynol, a boed y datblygiad dan sylw yn rhaglen newydd neu&#8217;n welliannau i raglenni a\/neu fodiwlau presennol.<\/p>\n<p>Gyda&#8217;i gilydd, nod yr adnoddau hyn yw cefnogi timau rhaglenni i gynllunio asesiadau sy&#8217;n mapio&#8217;n glir yn erbyn deilliannau dysgu rhaglenni, osgoi gorddibyniaeth ar fathau penodol o asesiadau, a chefnogi datblygiad myfyrwyr drwy gydol eu hastudiaethau. Mae&#8217;r dull hwn yn hyrwyddo strategaeth asesu strwythuredig, cytbwys ac academaidd gadarn sy&#8217;n gwella dysgu ac yn cyd-fynd ag egwyddorion addysg gynhwysol a strategaeth y brifysgol.<\/p>\n<p>At hynny, mae&#8217;n annog timau rhaglenni i ystyried yn rhagweithiol r\u00f4l Deallusrwydd Artiffisial Cynhyrchiol wrth gynllunio asesiadau, gan sicrhau bod tasgau&#8217;n parhau i fod yn ddilys, yn dryloyw o ran disgwyliadau, ac yn cyd-fynd \u00e2&#8217;r defnydd cyfrifol o dechnolegau sy&#8217;n dod i&#8217;r amlwg gyda Deallusrwydd Artiffisial Cynhyrchiol. Yn olaf, mae&#8217;n cefnogi staff i gymryd dull cadarn o ddatblygu meini prawf asesu<\/p>\n<p><strong>Egwyddorion allweddol dylunio ar lefel rhaglen<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mae <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/theme-overview\/inclusivity\/introduction-to-inclusive-education\/\"><strong>Fframwaith Addysg Gynhwysol<\/strong><\/a> Prifysgol Caerdydd yn nodi\u2019r ymrwymiad i gefnogi pob myfyriwr i gyflawni ei botensial drwy arferion dysgu, addysgu ac asesu cynhwysol. Rhan allweddol o&#8217;r ymrwymiad hwn yw sicrhau bod asesiadau wedi&#8217;u cynllunio mewn ffyrdd sy&#8217;n hygyrch, yn gydlynol, ac yn cyd-fynd \u00e2&#8217;r hyn mae angen i fyfyrwyr ei ddysgu a&#8217;i ddangos.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Nid yw\u2019r<\/em><\/strong> Brifysgol yn rhagnodi sut y dylid cynllunio na rheoli asesiadau rhaglenni unigol; materion academaidd, yn briodol, yw\u2019r penderfyniadau hyn sy\u2019n cael eu dylanwadu gan ffactorau fel deilliannau dysgu&#8217;r rhaglen, strwythur y cwricwlwm, ystyriaethau adnoddau, anghenion myfyrwyr, ac unrhyw ofynion penodol a nodir gan gyrff proffesiynol a\/neu reoleiddio.<\/p>\n<p>Fodd bynnag, <strong><em>mae<\/em><\/strong> gan y Brifysgol gyfrifoldeb i gefnogi Ysgolion i gynllunio asesiadau sy&#8217;n adlewyrchu egwyddorion y <a href=\"https:\/\/intranet.cardiff.ac.uk\/V2Vic2l0ZSBDb250ZW50V2Vic2l0ZSBDb250ZW50\/staff\/documents\/Strategic-Approach-document-English-and-Welsh.doc\">Dull Strategol o Wella Asesu ac Adborth &#8211; 2023-2027<\/a>. Mae mabwysiadu dull strategol yn galluogi staff a myfyrwyr i ddefnyddio eu hamser yn fwy effeithiol, yn gwella cysondeb, ac yn diogelu safonau academaidd.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/files\/2026\/09\/Assessment-design-guidance-infographic-2.png\" width=\"581\" height=\"581\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><strong>1: Dull lefel rhaglen o gynllunio asesiadau<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mae dull lefel rhaglen o gynllunio asesiadau yn cynnwys cynllunio, gweithredu a rheoli asesu ac adborth ar draws rhaglen gyfan yn hytrach nag mewn modiwlau unigol\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">(Jessop\u00a0et\u00a0al., 2013)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Drwy ddylunio rhaglenni yn y ffordd gyfannol hon, gellir trefnu asesiadau ac adborth yn fwriadol i adeiladu sgiliau myfyrwyr yn raddol ac i sicrhau bod yr holl weithgarwch asesu yn cefnogi\u2019r myfyrwyr i gyflawni deilliannau dysgu&#8217;r rhaglen yn glir.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:300}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Argymhellir bod pob rhaglen a addysgir yn mabwysiadu dull cynllunio asesiadau ar lefel rhaglen yn fwriadol. Bydd defnyddio dull mwy cyfannol o gynllunio asesiadau yn sicrhau bod ystod a lefelau priodol o asesiadau yn cael eu cynnig mewn rhaglen radd\/modiwlau ac ar eu traws.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cydbwyso asesu ar draws rhaglenni<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae mabwysiadu dull lefel rhaglen yn ei gwneud yn ofynnol i dimau rhaglenni, fel ymarfer cychwynnol, ystyried sawl cwestiwn sylfaenol. Argymhellir bod arweinwyr rhaglenni a\/neu dimau yn adolygu&#8217;r cydbwysedd cyffredinol o fathau o asesiadau ar draws y rhaglen, gan ystyried y berthynas rhwng asesu ar gyfer dysgu ac asesu dysgu, yn ogystal \u00e2 dilysrwydd a dibynadwyedd yr asesiadau a ddefnyddir.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pwyntiau ar gyfer myfyrio<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<div>\n<h3><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mathau o asesiadau<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/files\/2026\/09\/Assessment-types-Welsh-jpg-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Assessment Types infographic showing how a range of assessment formats helps students demonstrate different knowledge, skills and competencies. Examples include exams, projects, presentations, vivas, multimedia assessments and artefacts. The graphic emphasises a balanced assessment diet, student choice where appropriate, and the principles of variety, choice, fairness and accessibility.\" width=\"514\" height=\"1285\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Asesu ar gyfer Dysgu ac Asesu Dysgu<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"10\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A yw&#8217;r rhaglen yn cynnwys asesiadau sydd o natur ffurfiannol, sy&#8217;n darparu adborth cyfoethog ac yn cefnogi cynnydd myfyrwyr (Asesu ar gyfer Dysgu)?\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"10\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A yw myfyrwyr yn cael adborth amserol ac ystyrlon sy&#8217;n eu helpu i wella cyn ymgymryd \u00e2 thasgau pwysig?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"10\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A oes cysylltiad clir a chydlynol rhwng gweithgareddau ffurfiannol a&#8217;r asesiadau crynodol sy&#8217;n dilyn?\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"10\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A yw&#8217;r asesiadau crynodol yn mesur cyflawniad cyffredinol yn deg ac yn effeithiol (Asesu Dysgu)?\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"10\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A yw&#8217;r cydbwysedd rhwng cydrannau ffurfiannol a chrynodol yn briodol ar gyfer y deilliannau dysgu a lefel y rhaglen?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW180890803 BCX8\" lang=\"CY-GB\" xml:lang=\"CY-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW180890803 BCX8\">Mae asesu ffurfiannol a&#8217;r adborth ffurfiannol dilynol yn rhoi adborth parhaus, ymarferol i fyfyrwyr sy&#8217;n eu helpu i ddeall eu cynnydd, nodi bylchau mewn dysgu, a datblygu&#8217;r sgiliau sydd eu hangen i lwyddo mewn tasgau crynodol diweddarach. Mae&#8217;n cryfhau dysgu drwy annog myfyrio,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW180890803 BCX8\">hunanreoleiddio<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW180890803 BCX8\">, a gwelliant parhaus wrth roi cipolwg i diwtoriaid ar berfformiad unigol.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP Selected SCXW180890803 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:300}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"post-10159 media-10159\" class=\"image align-none\"><\/figure>\n<figure><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"post-10169 media-10169\" class=\"image align-none\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/files\/2026\/08\/Assessment-fo-laerning-section-5.png\" alt=\"Infographic illustrating the relationship between Assessment for Learning (formative assessment) and Assessment of Learning (summative assessment). Formative assessment uses feedback, practice and improvement to support learning, while summative assessment measures achievement, performance and award outcomes. The graphic emphasises that formative activities prepare students for summative assessment and that a balanced approach maximises learning and demonstrates achievement.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" \/><\/figure>\n<div style=\"background: #f7fbf6;border-left: 5px solid #2f7d20;padding: 22px;border-radius: 4px;margin: 25px 0\">\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dilysrwydd a Dibynadwyedd<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A yw&#8217;r rhaglen yn cynnwys asesiadau sy&#8217;n mesur ystod eang o&#8217;r deilliannau dysgu a fwriedir yn effeithiol (h.y., a yw&#8217;r asesiadau&#8217;n ddilys)?\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A yw&#8217;r tasgau gwaith cwrs a ddewiswyd wedi&#8217;u halinio&#8217;n dda \u00e2&#8217;r sgiliau, y wybodaeth a&#8217;r cymwyseddau y disgwylir i fyfyrwyr eu dangos?\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A yw&#8217;r mathau hyn o asesiadau yn cynhyrchu canlyniadau cyson a dibynadwy ar draws gwahanol garfannau a marcwyr (h.y., a yw&#8217;r asesiadau&#8217;n ddibynadwy)?\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A yw&#8217;r tasgau asesu wedi cael eu hadolygu i sicrhau eu bod yn gadarn yng nghyd-destun Deallusrwydd Artiffisial cynhyrchiol, gan gynnwys a ydynt yn lliniaru defnydd amhriodol o Ddeallusrwydd Artiffisial a\/neu&#8217;n integreiddio llythrennedd Deallusrwydd Artiffisial yn fwriadol lle bo&#8217;n briodol?\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A yw timau rhaglenni wedi ystyried y dull dwy l\u00f4n o gynllunio asesiadau, gan sicrhau cymysgedd priodol o (a) asesiadau diogel, rheoledig lle mae&#8217;n rhaid gwirio perfformiad annibynnol myfyrwyr, a (b) asesiadau dilys, sy&#8217;n wynebu&#8217;r dyfodol, wedi&#8217;u cynllunio i fod yn wydn i Ddeallusrwydd Artiffisial Cynhyrchiol neu i&#8217;w ymgorffori&#8217;n ystyrlon<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"11\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A yw asesiadau wedi&#8217;u cynllunio i fod yn wydn i Ddeallusrwydd Artiffisial Cynhyrchiol neu&#8217;n ei ymgorffori&#8217;n ystyrlon?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h1><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Llwyth asesu<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ar draws rhaglenni, mae angen gwneud asesu&#8217;n haws ei reoli i staff a myfyrwyr, drwy\u2019r camau canlynol:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mapio asesu i Ddeilliannau Dysgu&#8217;r Rhaglen<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252,&quot;335559991&quot;:567,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[8]}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sicrhau bod yr holl asesiadau&#8217;n cyd-fynd \u00e2 deilliannau dysgu&#8217;r rhaglen, gan ddiogelu safonau academaidd a mapio cyflawniad myfyrwyr yn erbyn y cymwyseddau a&#8217;r sgiliau a ddymunir.\u00a0 Yn ei dro, gall hyn helpu i osgoi dull lle mae paratoi ar gyfer arholiadau yn cael blaenoriaeth dros astudiaeth integreiddiol ehangach.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Rheoli llwythi gwaith<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252,&quot;335559991&quot;:567,&quot;469777462&quot;:[567],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[8]}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dylai timau rhaglenni geisio dosbarthu tasgau asesu yn gyfartal ar draws y rhaglen er mwyn atal gorlwytho myfyrwyr a staff.\u00a0 Er y gall ymddangos bod angen mwy o fewnbwn gan staff ar dasgau mwy arloesol a dilys, nid yw hyn bob amser yn wir, yn enwedig lle mae gweithio mewn partneriaeth \u00e2 myfyrwyr yn digwydd.\u00a0 Efallai y bydd angen ystyried mabwysiadu dulliau mwy hyblyg o ddyrannu llwyth gwaith sy&#8217;n cydnabod yr adnoddau cynyddol sydd eu hangen i reoli rhai o&#8217;n hasesiadau.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Rheoli cyfaint yr asesiadau<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252,&quot;335559991&quot;:567,&quot;469777462&quot;:[720],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[8]}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252,&quot;469777462&quot;:[720],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[8]}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Yn ogystal \u00e2 cheisio lleihau cyfanswm nifer yr asesiadau crynodol, dylai timau rhaglenni geisio osgoi gorlwytho dyddiadau cau (gan ddefnyddio&#8217;r Offeryn Gweld Asesiadau),\u00a0sgaffaldio\u00a0tasgau ffurfiannol sy&#8217;n bwydo ymlaen ac yn meithrin llythrennedd asesu ac adborth a sicrhau y gellir rheoli gwaith marcio ac adborth heb effeithio&#8217;n negyddol ar lesiant myfyrwyr a staff.\u00a0 Bydd canolbwyntio ar ansawdd yn hytrach na nifer yr asesiadau yn lleihau straen diangen ac yn caniat\u00e1u dysgu a myfyrio dyfnach.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Defnyddio Asesiadau \u2018Capfaen\u2019, \u2018Conglfaen\u2019 a Thraws-fodiwlau\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252,&quot;335559991&quot;:567}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Gall modiwlau conglfaen a\u00a0chapfaen\u00a0chwarae rhan hanfodol mewn rhaglenni a addysgir drwy ddarparu cyfleoedd strwythuredig i fyfyrwyr integreiddio a chymhwyso eu dysgu.\u00a0 Mae\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">modiwlau conglfaen<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, a gynigir fel arfer yn gynnar yn y rhaglen, yn helpu myfyrwyr i feithrin sgiliau a gwybodaeth sylfaenol, gan baratoi&#8217;r ar gyfer astudiaeth fwy datblygedig.\u00a0 Mae\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">modiwlau\u00a0capfaen<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\">, sydd fel arfer ar ddiwedd y rhaglen, yn caniat\u00e1u i fyfyrwyr grynhoi a dangos eu dysgu cronnus trwy brosiectau neu ymchwil gynhwysfawr.\u00a0 Mae&#8217;r dull hwn nid yn unig yn atgyfnerthu cysyniadau allweddol ond hefyd yn gwella sgiliau meddwl beirniadol, datrys problemau, a chymhwyso yn y byd go iawn, gan baratoi myfyrwyr yn y pen draw ar gyfer llwyddiant proffesiynol a dysgu gydol oes.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:567,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cynghorir ysgolion sydd \u00e2 diddordeb mewn cyflwyno modiwlau Conglfaen a\/neu Gapfaen, neu sydd \u00e2 diddordeb mewn archwilio a\/neu dreialu asesiadau rhaglennol traws-fodiwlau, i geisio cymorth gan y LTA.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:120,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mathau o Asesiadau a Hyd yr Asesiadau<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Er y dylai arholiadau ac asesiadau eraill sydd \u00e2 chyfyngiadau amser fod yn gymharol debyg o ran hyd \/ amser ar draws rhaglen, ni ddylid defnyddio&#8217;r un\u00a0cyfwerthedd\u00a0ar gyfer tasgau gwaith cwrs, o ystyried yr anallu i gydnabod cymhlethdod gwahanol dasgau neu i ystyried yr amser gwahanol y gall gymryd i gwblhau gwahanol dasgau (e.e., gallai ysgrifennu crynodeb 300 gair gymryd mwy o amser na thraethawd byr 1,000 gair).\u00a0 Efallai na fydd cyfrif geiriau yn briodol ar gyfer pob math o asesiad chwaith, nac yn cydnabod llwyth gwybyddol na fformatau cyflwyno amgen.\u00a0 Am ragor o wybodaeth, cyfeiriwch at y\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/intranet.cardiff.ac.uk\/staff\/documents\/2680293-institutional-expectations\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">disgwyliadau Sefydliadol.<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"TextRun SCXW160779355 BCX8\" lang=\"CY-GB\" xml:lang=\"CY-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW160779355 BCX8\">Awgrym Defnyddiol\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP Selected SCXW160779355 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<div style=\"background: #f7fbf6;border-left: 5px solid #2f7d20;padding: 22px;border-radius: 4px;margin: 25px 0\">\n<h3><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cynllunio trefn asesu rhaglen cytbwys<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mae creu trosolwg gweledol o&#8217;r drefn asesu arfaethedig ar draws rhaglen yn fan cychwyn effeithiol ar gyfer deall ac adolygu&#8217;r holl asesiadau a gynlluniwyd. Mae&#8217;r trosolwg hwn yn helpu i nodi cyfnodau prysur, gwrthdaro posibl rhwng dyddiadau cau, ac unrhyw orddibyniaeth ar ddull asesu penodol fel y gellir mynd i&#8217;r afael \u00e2&#8217;r rhain yn gynnar. Mae hefyd yn galluogi timau rhaglenni i bennu a yw&#8217;r patrwm asesu cyffredinol yn cynnig cydbwysedd priodol i gefnogi dilysrwydd a dibynadwyedd penderfyniadau asesu. Yn ogystal, gall y broses hon helpu timau i ystyried sut y gellid ymgorffori&#8217;r dull dwy l\u00f4n heb beryglu ein hegwyddor graidd o ddatblygu graddedigion sy&#8217;n feddylwyr annibynnol a beirniadol.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:300}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>2. <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">EAT Prifysgol<\/span><\/b> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Caerdydd<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Argymhellir bod pob rhaglen a addysgir yn adolygu ac yn gwerthuso&#8217;n rheolaidd y ddarpariaeth gyfredol o ran asesu ac adborth.\u00a0 Drwy ddeall safbwyntiau staff a myfyrwyr yn glir, gall timau rhaglenni wneud penderfyniadau gwybodus sy&#8217;n meithrin gwelliant parhaus, yn cefnogi arloesedd ac yn gwella dilysrwydd, dibynadwyedd a hydrinedd rheoli asesiadau.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Heb ddealltwriaeth drylwyr o gryfderau a gwendidau&#8217;r asesiadau presennol, mae&#8217;n annhebygol y bydd newidiadau a gynlluniwyd ar frys yn gwella ansawdd cyffredinol y rhaglen, yn hyrwyddo tegwch, nac yn gwella boddhad a llwyddiant myfyrwyr.\u00a0 Isod ceir manylion am offeryn EAT Prifysgol Caerdydd, a ddefnyddir i werthuso arferion asesu presennol ar draws rhaglenni.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/90435d_b4d12cf6051c4c8192f685b433c55876~mv2.png\/v1\/fill\/w_241,h_210,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/EAT%20small%20rectangle%20.png\" alt=\"EAT small rectangle .png\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/90435d_33947cad311c4c33b5b08f0d45e5a865~mv2.png\/v1\/fill\/w_241,h_210,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/square_block_tails_graphic.png\" alt=\"square_block_tails_graphic.png\" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/90435d_2045e61942584b1eb479f99cf0cbce07~mv2.png\/v1\/fill\/w_241,h_210,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto\/EAT%20small%20rectangle%20left%20flip.png\" alt=\"EAT small rectangle left flip.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0Figure 1. Image from:\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eatassessmentframework.com\/eat-framework\">EAT FRAMEWORK | EAT Framework<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae model <\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">EAT Prifysgol<\/span><\/b> <b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Caerdydd<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"> yn fframwaith asesu integredig sy&#8217;n seiliedig ar ymchwil, ac sydd wedi&#8217;i gynllunio i ystyried pob agwedd ar arferion asesu a&#8217;r cysylltiadau rhyngddynt ar y cyd \u00e2 chydweithwyr.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u200b<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae&#8217;r model yn ymdrechu i roi lle blaenllaw i lais y myfyriwr, gan gynnig lle i ystyried llythrennedd asesu ymhlith myfyrwyr ac i fyfyrio ar brofiad y myfyriwr o asesu ar draws rhaglen.\u202f\u200b<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u200b<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae&#8217;n wahanol i\u2019r <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eat-erasmus.org\/eat-framework\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fframwaith EAT<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\"> gwreiddiol (Evans, 2016) gan y bwriedir iddo gael ei ddefnyddio ar lefel rhaglen ac mae\u2019n cyd-fynd \u00e2 Disgwyliadau Sefydliadol Prifysgol Caerdydd.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Beth gall EAT Prifysgol Caerdydd ei gynnig i ysgolion?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae EAT Prifysgol Caerdydd yn hyrwyddo\u00a0<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">cynllunio ar lefel rhaglen, sy\u2019n ein galluogi i sicrhau bod profiad dysgu myfyrwyr yn un sy&#8217;n adeiladu drwy gydol y rhaglen, gyda dulliau asesu yn cyd-fynd \u00e2 deilliannau dysgu a gweithgareddau dysgu. Mae cymryd golwg ar lefel y rhaglen yn hyrwyddo arferion asesu da a gall gyfrannu at ddatblygu strategaeth asesu gyson a chynhwysol.\u202f\u200b<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Manteision adolygu asesu ar draws rhaglen:\u202f\u200b<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Atal gorasesu ac yn osgoi \u2018clystyru\u2019 asesiadau;\u202f\u200b<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sicrhau aliniad rhwng deilliannau dysgu ar lefel rhaglen a modiwlau;\u202f\u200b<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cynnig cyfle i fyfyrio ar y defnydd o ddeallusrwydd artiffisial (DA) Cynhyrchiol wrth ddylunio asesiadau;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Hyrwyddo amrywiaeth mewn mathau o asesu;\u202f\u200b<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Annog asesiadau sy&#8217;n hygyrch i bob myfyriwr ac yn datblygu ystod o sgiliau;\u202f\u200b<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Galluogi cydlynu gweithgareddau dysgu ar draws rhaglen;\u202f\u200b<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"7\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cyfrannu at ddatblygu sgiliau graddedigion;\u202f\u200b<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"8\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Bodloni gofynion proffesiynol neu reoleiddiol.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sut mae EAT Prifysgol Caerdydd yn cael ei ddefnyddio?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span data-contrast=\"none\">Gellir defnyddio model EAT Prifysgol Caerdydd, yn hyblyg, mewn amrywiaeth o sefyllfaoedd:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fel rhan o&#8217;r gwaith o ddylunio asesiadau mewn Ysgolion;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Yn y gwaith ail-ddilysu, i lywio datblygiad strategaeth asesu ddiwygiedig;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mewn ymateb i gynlluniau gweithredu Arolwg Cenedlaethol y Myfyrwyr (NSS)<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae\u2019r adnoddau\u2019n cynnwys:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Arolygon Menti ar gyfer myfyrwyr\/staff y gellir eu haddasu i ddefnyddio set o gwestiynau pwrpasol, yn seiliedig ar fframwaith EAT Prifysgol Caerdydd.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cynllun gweithredu sy&#8217;n cyfuno gwybodaeth a gafwyd o&#8217;r broses EAT i greu cynllun clir ar sut y gellir gweithredu newidiadau ar lefel rhaglen a modiwl.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:252}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>3. Cyflwyniad i Ddeallusrwydd Artiffisial Cynhyrchiol ar gyfer Dysgu ac Addysgu<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Mae offer deallusrwydd artiffisial cynhyrchiol (GenAI) yn dylanwadu\u2019n gynyddol ar sut mae myfyrwyr yn dysgu, yn astudio ac yn cynhyrchu gwaith prifysgol. Mae llawer o fyfyrwyr Prifysgol Caerdydd eisoes yn defnyddio&#8217;r offer hyn, ac mae staff yn gweld eu heffaith mewn perthynas ag addysgu, asesu ac adborth.<\/p>\n<p>Mae&#8217;r dudalen hon yn cynnig canllawiau ymarferol ysgafn i staff Prifysgol Caerdydd ar sut y gellir mynd i&#8217;r afael \u00e2 GenAI wrth ddysgu, addysgu ac asesu. Mae wedi&#8217;i pharatoi i helpu cydweithwyr i wneud penderfyniadau addysgegol gwybodus, yn enwedig wrth ddylunio neu adolygu asesiadau.<\/p>\n<p>I staff a myfyrwyr Caerdydd, mae Microsoft Copilot, Google Gemini a NotebookLM yn offer GenAI sydd ar gael ar draws y sefydliad. Dylid defnyddio cyfrifon prifysgol i ddefnyddio&#8217;r platfformau hyn, gan eu bod yn cyd-fynd \u00e2 safonau diogelwch sefydliadol Prifysgol Caerdydd, yn diogelu data yn briodol, ac wedi&#8217;u cymeradwyo i&#8217;w defnyddio o fewn amgylchedd offer digidol Caerdydd.<\/p>\n<p>Mae&#8217;r canllawiau hyn yn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ategu (ond nid yn disodli) polis\u00efau sefydliadol a chanllawiau\u2019r fewnrwyd;<\/li>\n<li>canolbwyntio ar wella yn hytrach na gorfodi;<\/li>\n<li>cynorthwyo staff ar draws gwahanol ddisgyblaethau a lefelau profiad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Safbwynt Prifysgol Caerdydd ar GenAI<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Mae canllawiau sefydliadol cyfredol Prifysgol Caerdydd ar ddeallusrwydd artiffisial mewn addysg ar gael ar fewnrwyd y staff a dylid cyfeirio at y rhain yn y lle cyntaf bob amser.<\/p>\n<p>Er bod canllawiau ffurfiol y Brifysgol ar GenAI ym meysydd dysgu, addysgu ac asesu yn parhau i esblygu, anogir cydweithwyr i weithio mewn ffyrdd tryloyw, cymesur ac addysgegol sy&#8217;n cyd-fynd ag arferion sy&#8217;n dod i&#8217;r amlwg yn y sector ac egwyddorion Gr\u0175p Russell.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fframio\u2019r defnydd o GenAI: dull dwy l\u00f4n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gan nad oes dosbarthiadau asesu penodol ar gyfer Caerdydd, mae&#8217;r Brifysgol yn defnyddio model asesu dwy l\u00f4n Prifysgol Sydney ar hyn o bryd fel dyfais fframio defnyddiol wrth gyfathrebu disgwyliadau i fyfyrwyr.<\/p>\n<p>Yn gryno:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"338\"><strong>01\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>L\u00f4n 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Sicrhau ansawdd dysgu<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 Safbwyntiau dibynadwy am gynnydd a chyrhaeddiad.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 Uniondeb y dyfarniad a dysgu unigol wedi&#8217;i warchod.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 Amodau rheoledig, dylunio tasg gyd-destunol, neu wirio.<\/td>\n<td width=\"338\"><strong>02\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>L\u00f4n 2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Asesu agored ar gyfer dysgu ac asesu sy\u2019n gyfystyr \u00e2 dysgu<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 Asesiad agored a gefnogir y tu hwnt i leoliadau rheoledig.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 Ni ellir gwahardd AI rhag cael ei defnyddio mewn cyd-destunau heb eu diogelu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 Pwyslais ar ddefnydd moesegol, beirniadol a disgyblaeth-benodol.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Ni ddylid dehongli&#8217;r model dwy l\u00f4n fel caniat\u00e2d i wahardd neu ganiat\u00e1u GenAI yn gyffredinol ar draws modiwl neu raglen. Yn hytrach, mae&#8217;n helpu i wneud penderfyniadau cytbwys a arweinir gan ddeilliannau. Dylai staff ystyried pa ddeilliannau dysgu sy&#8217;n mynnu bod myfyrwyr yn dangos dealltwriaeth, sgiliau neu farn yn annibynnol, a lle y gallai fod angen asesu hyn mewn cyd-destun diogel neu ddilys. Yn yr un modd, pan fo defnyddio GenAI yn briodol mewn cyd-destunau asesu agored, dylid helpu myfyrwyr i&#8217;w defnyddio yn feirniadol, yn dryloyw ac mewn ffyrdd sy&#8217;n cyd-fynd \u00e2&#8217;r deilliannau dysgu arfaethedig. Dylai&#8217;r pwyslais fod ar yr hyn sydd angen ei dystiolaethu, nid ar gymhwyso rheolau cyffredinol i asesiadau cyfan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Egwyddorion y sector<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mae dull Caerdydd yn cyd-fynd ag <a href=\"https:\/\/www.russellgroup.ac.uk\/policy\/policy-briefings\/principles-use-generative-ai-tools-education\">Egwyddorion Gr\u0175p Russell<\/a>, sef:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Bydd prifysgolion yn helpu myfyrwyr a staff i ddefnyddio deallusrwydd artiffisial yn fedrus.<\/li>\n<li>Dylai staff fod wedi&#8217;u paratoi i helpu myfyrwyr i ddefnyddio offer GenAI yn effeithiol ac yn briodol yn eu profiad dysgu.<\/li>\n<li>Bydd prifysgolion yn addasu dulliau addysgu ac asesu i ymgorffori&#8217;r defnydd moesegol o GenAI ac yn helpu i roi mynediad cyfartal.<\/li>\n<li>Bydd prifysgolion yn sicrhau bod trylwyredd ac uniondeb academaidd yn cael eu cynnal.<\/li>\n<li>Bydd prifysgolion yn cydweithio i rannu arferion gorau wrth i&#8217;r dechnoleg a&#8217;r defnydd ohoni ym maes addysg esblygu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong> Galluoedd a Chyfyngiadau GenAI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mae offer GenAI yn datblygu&#8217;n gyflym. Mae&#8217;r pwyntiau isod yn adlewyrchu eu galluoedd a\u2019u cyfyngiadau nodweddiadol ar yr adeg yr ysgrifennwyd yr arweiniad hwn a dylid eu dehongli&#8217;n ofalus wrth i offer barhau i esblygu.<\/p>\n<p>Gall offer GenAI gefnogi dysgu mewn sawl ffordd, yn enwedig pan gaiff eu defnyddio i archwilio, cwestiynu a datblygu dealltwriaeth yn hytrach na chynhyrchu gwaith gorffenedig yn unig. Er enghraifft, gall myfyrwyr a staff ddefnyddio GenAI er mwyn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cynhyrchu syniadau, cwestiynau neu grynodebau cychwynnol;<\/li>\n<li>edrych ar bynciau anghyfarwydd neu gael esboniadau amgen;<\/li>\n<li>crynhoi, ailadrodd neu gymharu cysyniadau;<\/li>\n<li>profi dealltwriaeth drwy ddeialog, awgrymiadau neu gwestiynau ymarfer;<\/li>\n<li>helpu gwaith codio, dadfygio neu ddatrys problemau;<\/li>\n<li>drafftio, ailddrafftio neu strwythuro dadleuon;<\/li>\n<li>cynhyrchu enghreifftiau, senarios neu esboniadau addysgu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fel gydag unrhyw ffynhonnell wybodaeth, dylid gwirio, cwestiynu a chyferbynnu ymatebion a gynhyrchir gan AI \u00e2 ffynonellau academaidd, proffesiynol neu ddisgyblaethol dibynadwy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prif gyfyngiadau a risgiau<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mae offer GenAI:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>yn cynhyrchu allbynnau ar sail tebygolrwydd, nid gwybodaeth sydd wedi&#8217;i gwirio;<\/li>\n<li>yn gallu cynhyrchu gwybodaeth hyderus ond anghywir (&#8220;rhithwelediadau&#8221;);<\/li>\n<li>yn gallu ffugio cyfeiriadau neu gynrychioli ffynonellau yn anghywir;<\/li>\n<li>yn cynnig barn sydd heb gyd-destun neu ddealltwriaeth o ddisgyblaeth;<\/li>\n<li>yn gallu atgyfnerthu rhagfarn neu eithrio safbwyntiau ymylol;<\/li>\n<li>yn aml yn cynhyrchu allbwn rhugl ond dealltwriaeth arwynebol.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ystyriaethau academaidd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mae offer GenAI yn cynnig cyfleoedd o bwys ar gyfer dysgu ac addysgu, yn ogystal \u00e2 heriau pwysig mewn perthynas ag asesu. Mae&#8217;r arweiniad hwn yn amlinellu risgiau allweddol a nodwyd mewn ymchwil ddiweddar ac mae\u2019n tynnu sylw at oblygiadau i ymarfer.<\/p>\n<div class=\"accordion accordion-accessible\"><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-genai-academic-condsiderations-cy-1\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Gall gor-ddibyniaeth atal sgiliau rhag datblygu<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-genai-academic-condsiderations-cy-1\"><p>Mae tystiolaeth sy'n dod i'r amlwg yn awgrymu bod dibynnu\u2019n ormodol ar offer GenAI yn gallu effeithio ar i ba raddau y mae myfyrwyr yn defnyddio\u2019r prosesau gwybyddol sy'n angenrheidiol ar gyfer dysgu, gan gynnwys dadansoddi, cyfosod a datrys problemau. Pan fydd AI yn cyflawni elfennau pwysig o waith academaidd, gallai myfyrwyr osgoi \"ymdrech gynhyrchiol\", a gall hyn gyfyngu ar ddatblygiad arbenigedd disgyblaethol a barn annibynnol.<\/p>\n<p> \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    \n<svg class=\"icon\" focusable=\"false\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\">\n    <title>Search<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M31.72,28.94l-9.62-9.66c-0.06,0-.09,0-0.09-0.06l-0.09-.06a1.54,1.54,0,0,0-.22-0.09,11.92,11.92,0,0,0,1.72-3.31A12.25,12.25,0,0,0,24,12,12,12,0,0,0,12,0,11.95,11.95,0,0,0,0,12a11.82,11.82,0,0,0,3.5,8.47A11.9,11.9,0,0,0,12,24a11.56,11.56,0,0,0,3.78-.62,11.85,11.85,0,0,0,3.31-1.69,0.12,0.12,0,0,0,0,.09l0.06,0.09a0.16,0.16,0,0,0,.06.09,0.11,0.11,0,0,1,0,.09L29,31.72a1.14,1.14,0,0,0,.72.28,1,1,0,0,0,.66-0.28l1.41-1.37A1.47,1.47,0,0,0,32,29.66a1.14,1.14,0,0,0-.31-0.72h0ZM12,4a8,8,0,0,1,8,8,7.88,7.88,0,0,1-2.31,5.66A8,8,0,0,1,12,20a7.85,7.85,0,0,1-5.66-2.34,7.92,7.92,0,0,1,0-11.31A7.85,7.85,0,0,1,12,4Z\" transform=\"translate(-0.03 0)\"\/>\n<\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Ymchwil ategol<\/h3>                <ul>\n<li>Kasneci et al. (2023) Nature Machine Intelligence): Sut y gall defnyddio LLM mewn addysg effeithio ar sgiliau meddwl beirniadol a datrys problemau os ydyn nhw\u2019n disodli prosesau dysgu yn hytrach nag offer sy\u2019n eu cynorthwyo i ddysgu.<\/li>\n<li>Mollick a Mollick (2023\u20132024): Sut y gall GenAI \"ddadlwytho prosesau gwybyddol ar raddfa eang,\" gan leihau cyfleoedd ar gyfer dysgu dwfn os bydd myfyrwyr yn dibynnu ar allbynnau yn anfeirniadol.<\/li>\n<li>Baidoo-Anu ac Owusu Ansah (2023): Sut y gall defnyddio ChatGPT atal dysgwyr rhag caffael sgiliau a meddwl mewn ffyrdd gwreiddiol os ydyn nhw\u2019n dibynnu ar ymatebion a gynhyrchir gan AI yn hytrach na darllen deunydd a\u2019i ddeall.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    <\/p>\n<p> \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-success with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"   viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"feather feather-chevron-right\"><polyline points=\"9 18 15 12 9 6\"><\/polyline><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Prif oblygiad<\/h3>                <p>Dylai\u2019r ffordd y mae dull dysgu yn cael ei ddylunio wneud yn si\u0175r bod myfyrwyr yn cyflawni'r gwaith deallusol yn ddiofyn, a dylai AI gael ei defnyddio i ategu\u2014nid disodli\u2014prosesau gwybyddol craidd<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    <\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-genai-academic-condsiderations-cy-2\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Nid yw allbwn a gynhyrchir gan AI yn dystiolaeth ddibynadwy o ddealltwriaeth myfyrwyr<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-genai-academic-condsiderations-cy-2\"><p>Ni ellir tybio bod gwaith a gynhyrchir gan AI yn adlewyrchu dealltwriaeth, rhesymeg neu gyflawniad y myfyriwr ei hun, ac mae hyn yn tanseilio dilysrwydd yr asesiad. O ganlyniad, nid yw'r cynnyrch a gyflwynir ar ei ben ei hun bellach yn ddangosydd dibynadwy o\u2019r hyn sydd wedi\u2019i ddysgu.<\/p>\n<p> \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert\">        \n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Ymchwil Ategol<\/h3>                <ul>\n<li>Mae QAA (2023)\u00a0 yn pwysleisio bod AI yn tarfu ar y berthynas rhwng gwaith myfyrwyr a thystiolaeth o gyrhaeddiad, gan olygu bod angen ailasesu sut mae dysgu yn cael ei dystiolaethu.<\/li>\n<li>Mae Perkins, Roe a MacVaugh (2024) yn dangos bod GenAI yn gallu cynhyrchu allbynnau asesu sy'n bodloni meini prawf pasio heb ddangos dealltwriaeth myfyrwyr.<\/li>\n<li>Mae Sullivan et al. (2023) yn dangos bod addysgwyr yn cael trafferth gwahaniaethu rhwng GenAI mewn gwaith myfyrwyr, gan godi pryderon am ddilysrwydd a chywirdeb tystiolaeth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    <\/p>\n<p> \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-success with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"   viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"feather feather-chevron-right\"><polyline points=\"9 18 15 12 9 6\"><\/polyline><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Prif oblygiad<\/h3>                <p>Rhaid i asesiadau symud y tu hwnt i allbynnau terfynol i gynnwys tystiolaeth sy'n seiliedig ar broses, fel drafftiau, myfyrdodau, esboniadau llafar, neu berfformiad yn y dosbarth.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    <\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-genai-academic-condsiderations-cy-3\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Gall defnydd anfeirniadol danseilio uniondeb academaidd a safonau mewn disgyblaeth<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-genai-academic-condsiderations-cy-3\"><p>Gall defnydd anfeirniadol o GenAI danseilio uniondeb academaidd, normau awduriaeth, a dealltwriaeth o ddisgyblaeth benodol. Mae hyn yn ymestyn y tu hwnt i gamymddwyn gan eu fod yn erydu safonau ysgolheigaidd a phroffesiynol.<\/p>\n<p> \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    \n<svg class=\"icon\" focusable=\"false\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 32 32\">\n    <title>Search<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M31.72,28.94l-9.62-9.66c-0.06,0-.09,0-0.09-0.06l-0.09-.06a1.54,1.54,0,0,0-.22-0.09,11.92,11.92,0,0,0,1.72-3.31A12.25,12.25,0,0,0,24,12,12,12,0,0,0,12,0,11.95,11.95,0,0,0,0,12a11.82,11.82,0,0,0,3.5,8.47A11.9,11.9,0,0,0,12,24a11.56,11.56,0,0,0,3.78-.62,11.85,11.85,0,0,0,3.31-1.69,0.12,0.12,0,0,0,0,.09l0.06,0.09a0.16,0.16,0,0,0,.06.09,0.11,0.11,0,0,1,0,.09L29,31.72a1.14,1.14,0,0,0,.72.28,1,1,0,0,0,.66-0.28l1.41-1.37A1.47,1.47,0,0,0,32,29.66a1.14,1.14,0,0,0-.31-0.72h0ZM12,4a8,8,0,0,1,8,8,7.88,7.88,0,0,1-2.31,5.66A8,8,0,0,1,12,20a7.85,7.85,0,0,1-5.66-2.34,7.92,7.92,0,0,1,0-11.31A7.85,7.85,0,0,1,12,4Z\" transform=\"translate(-0.03 0)\"\/>\n<\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Ymchwil Ategol<\/h3>                <ul>\n<li>Mae QAA (2023) yn rhybuddio, heb ganllawiau clir, gall defnyddio AI danseilio ymddiriedaeth mewn dyfarniadau academaidd ac uniondeb asesu.<\/li>\n<li>Mae Mollick (2024) yn pwysleisio y dylid trin AI fel offeryn sy\u2019n datgelu ac i\u2019w archwilio\u2019n feirniadol, nid fel awdur anweledig.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    <\/p>\n<p> \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-success with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"   viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" class=\"feather feather-chevron-right\"><polyline points=\"9 18 15 12 9 6\"><\/polyline><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Prif oblygiad<\/h3>                <p>Rhaid helpu myfyrwyr i ddefnyddio AI mewn ffyrdd tryloyw, beirniadol, ac sy'n cyd-fynd \u00e2 disgwyliadau yn y ddisgyblaeth.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    <\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><\/div>\n<h2>4. Datblygu a Defnyddio Meini Prawf Asesu<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Mae datblygu meini prawf asesu sydd yn bwrpasol eu cynllun hefyd yn cefnogi strategaeth <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ein Dyfodol, Gyda&#8217;n Gilydd<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Prifysgol Caerdydd trwy hyrwyddo arferion asesu cynhwysol a thryloyw sy&#8217;n canolbwyntio ar y myfyriwr. Gall helpu i ddarparu profiad addysgol rhagorol, meithrin partneriaeth \u00e2 myfyrwyr a\u2019u synnwyr o berthyn yn ogystal \u00e2 chefnogi dysgwyr i ddatblygu&#8217;r wybodaeth, y sgiliau a&#8217;r hunanreoleiddio sydd eu hangen ar gyfer dysgu gydol oes ac effaith gadarnhaol yn eu cymunedau a&#8217;u proffesiynau.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ar y dudalen hon ceir canllawiau ymarferol ar ddatblygu, adolygu a defnyddio meini prawf asesu. Mae&#8217;n ystyried nodweddion meini prawf effeithiol, yn ystyried dulliau o gyd-greu meini prawf \u00e2 myfyrwyr ac yn tynnu sylw at sut y gellir defnyddio meini prawf i gefnogi arferion marcio a chymedroli cyson mewn rhaglenni a modiwlau.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"accordion accordion-accessible\"><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-guidance-on-developing-and-employing-assessment-criteria-cy-1\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Sut i ddatblygu meini prawf a chyfarwyddiadau asesu da<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-guidance-on-developing-and-employing-assessment-criteria-cy-1\"><p>Gwerthfawrogir meini prawf asesu da a chlir gan fyfyrwyr ac maent yn gymorth i sicrhau bod asesiadau'n cael eu hystyried yn deg, yn dryloyw ac yn gyson.<\/p>\n<p><u>Dylai meini prawf asesu wedi'u cynllunio'n dda fod yn:<\/u><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\n        <div class=\"cu_tabs\">\n               \n        <ul class=\"nav nav-tabs\" role=\"tablist\">\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link active\" href=\"#content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-1\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-1\">Gysylltiedig \u00e2 Deilliannau Dysgu <\/a><\/li>\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link \" href=\"#content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-2\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-2\"> Eglur<\/a><\/li>\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link \" href=\"#content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-3\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-3\">Cyfannol <\/a><\/li>\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link \" href=\"#content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-4\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-4\">An-wrthrychol <\/a><\/li>\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link \" href=\"#content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-5\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-5\">Creadigol <\/a><\/li>\n        <li class=\"nav-item \" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"nav-link \" href=\"#content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-6\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" id=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-6\">'Pasio' Sylfaenol yn Gyntaf <\/a><\/li><\/ul> <div class=\"tab-content\">\n        <div class=\"tab-pane active\" id=\"content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-1\">\n        <p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cwestiwn (cwestiynau) i ofyn:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"6\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pa mor dda y mae\u2019r meini prawf yn cyd-fynd \u00e2 deilliannau dysgu\u2019r rhaglen\/modiwl?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae hyn yn golygu:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dylai meini prawf cyffredinol yr Ysgol \/ Rhaglen gyd-fynd \u00e2 deilliannau dysgu\u2019r rhaglen, tra dylai meini prawf sy\u2019n benodol i dasg gyd-fynd \u00e2 deilliannau dysgu\u2019r modiwl sy\u2019n cael eu hasesu yn y dasg honno. Mae bod yn gyson wrth gyfateb y deilliannau dysgu i'r meini prawf asesu yn helpu i annog eglurder.\u202f<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"tab-pane \" id=\"content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-2\">\n        <p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cwestiwn (cwestiynau) i ofyn:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ydy\u2019r meini prawf yn weladwy ac yn fesuradwy?\u200b<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Os bydd y meini prawf yn cael eu ddefnyddio ar gyfer tasgau tebyg ar draws y rhaglen, a oes cysondeb yn y defnydd o iaith, gan hybu gallu myfyrwyr i hunanasesu ar eu cynnydd?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A fydd y meini prawf ar gael i\u2019w drafod ym mriffiau\u2019r aseiniad?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae hyn yn golygu:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dylai'r meini prawf fod yn glir ac yn ddealladwy i fyfyrwyr a rhanddeiliaid eraill. Dylech chi roi ystyriaeth i\u2019r lefel o fanylder: bydd angen i fyfyrwyr ddeall yr hyn y mae disgwyl iddyn nhw wneud, tra eu bod ar yr un pryd yn gallu rheoli\u2019r baich gwybyddol.\u202f Dylech chi gyfyngu ar nifer y meini prawf sydd ynghlwm wrth dasg benodol, er mwyn sicrhau bod y rhain yn glir i fyfyrwyr a bod modd i farcwyr eu rheoli.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"tab-pane \" id=\"content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-3\">\n        <p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cwestiwn (cwestiynau) i ofyn:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ydy\u2019r nifer o feini prawf yn hawdd ei drin (mae rhwng 3 a 6 meini prawf yn cyrraedd cydbwysedd da i osgoi bod yn rhy gymhleth ac i sicrhau bod gwahaniaethau ystyrlon rhwng y meini prawf)?\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A oes gwahaniaeth amlwg rhwng y meini prawf neu ydyn nhw\u2019n gorgyffwrdd?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"7\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ydy\u2019r meini prawf yn berthnasol i natur y dasg\/math ac amrywiaeth yr asesiadau ar draws y rhaglen?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae hyn yn golygu:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Bydd angen i\u2019r meini prawf fod yn ddigon gwahanol i\u2019w gilydd, i sicrhau, eu bod yn caniat\u00e1u dull mwy cyfannol o farcio. Mae angen i fyfyrwyr weld y meini prawf fel arwydd o gyflawniad yn hytrach na mesuriad manwl gywir.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"tab-pane \" id=\"content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-4\">\n        <p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cwestiwn (cwestiynau) i ofyn:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"9\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ydy\u2019r meini prawf yn osgoi disgrifyddion goddrychol? (e.e. 'Ardderchog', 'da iawn', 'gweddol')?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ydy\u2019r meini prawf yn osgoi cyfeirio at ansawdd (e.e. yn rhesymegol, yn effeithiol)?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae hyn yn golygu:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Lle y bo modd, yn osgoi disgrifyddion cwbl oddrychol, gan fod y rhain yn agored i wahanol ddehongliadau a gallan nhw annog staff i ffitio marciau arfaethedig i feini prawf yn \u00f4l-weithredol.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"tab-pane \" id=\"content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-5\">\n        <p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae hyn yn golygu:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dylai\u2019r meini prawf annog myfyrwyr i ddangos creadigrwydd, natur ddigymell a gwreiddioldeb. Yn arbennig o bwysig ar lefelau 6 a 7, gall meini prawf asesu sy'n osgoi'r rhain gyfyngu ar ddysgwyr neu eu hatal.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"tab-pane \" id=\"content-well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"well-designed-assessment-criteria-cy-6\">\n        <p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Cwestiwn (cwestiynau) i ofyn:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"8\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ydy\u2019r meini prawf yn briodol ar gyfer y lefel astudio?\u200b<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Mae hyn yn golygu:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dylai\u2019r meini prawf gael eu creu trwy ddatblygu'r disgrifydd ar gyfer y marc pasio sylfaenol yn gyntaf. Defnyddiwch hwn i ddangos beth sydd ei angen ar lefel pasio, ond mewn ffordd gadarnhaol.\u202f Ceisiwch osgoi termau fel 'annigonol', 'cyfyngedig', 'anghywir', sydd yn cael eu defnyddio\u2019n fwy nodweddiadol i ddisgrifio gwaith nad yw wedi bodloni'r deilliannau dysgu.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW113906605 BCX0\" lang=\"CY-GB\" xml:lang=\"CY-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW113906605 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">O safbwynt ymarferol, gall fod yn ddefnyddiol i staff gynllunio meini prawf i ddechrau drwy greu grid gyda chydweithiwr\/cydweithwyr.\u202f Gall cymryd rhan mewn trafodaeth helpu rhywun i fynegi syniadau anodd.\u202f Ar \u00f4l drafftio eich set o feini prawf, mae'n ddefnyddiol gofyn y cwestiwn hollbwysig i <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW113906605 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">chi'ch<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW113906605 BCX0\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\"> hun: a yw'r meini prawf yn galluogi myfyrwyr i nodi pa mor dda maen nhw wedi gwneud rhywbeth?\u202f Os byddwch yn ei chael hi'n anodd gwneud hyn, efallai y bydd angen rhywfaint o waith pellach ar y meini prawf.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW113906605 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-guidance-on-developing-and-employing-assessment-criteria-cy-2\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Creu meini prawf asesu ar y cyd \u00e2 myfyrwyr:<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-guidance-on-developing-and-employing-assessment-criteria-cy-2\"><p>Sut y gallai hyn weithio:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>myfyrwyr yn darllen asesiadau sampl ac yn eu defnyddio i benderfynu ar feini prawf marcio<\/li>\n<li>pwyllgor o fyfyrwyr yn datblygu meini prawf marcio, a fyddai wedyn yn cael eu cymharu \u00e2 fersiwn staff, ac fe gaiff fersiwn derfynol ei thrafod<\/li>\n<li>meini prawf marcio\u2019r myfyrwyr yn cael eu defnyddio ar gyfer asesu gan gymheiriaid a hunanasesu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Darllenwch <a href=\"https:\/\/insight.cumbria.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/1700\/1\/Chapman_CocreationOfMarking.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yma<\/a> am brosiect ym Mhrifysgol Cumbria lle\u2019r oedd staff a myfyrwyr yn cyd-greu meini prawf asesu, gan ddod i\u2019r casgliad bod y fersiwn staff yn rhy gymhleth, gan ddefnyddio disgwrs academaidd, a fersiwn y myfyrwyr yn rhy syml, a bod angen gwneud y meini prawf yn hygyrch i fyfyrwyr - gan ystyried y cwestiwn, 'Ar gyfer pwy mae'r [meini prawf] hyn wedi'u creu?'<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-guidance-on-developing-and-employing-assessment-criteria-cy-3\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Defnyddio meini prawf ar gyfer marcio a safoni<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-guidance-on-developing-and-employing-assessment-criteria-cy-3\"><p>Mae cael meini prawf clir da yn elfen bwysig o'r cymorth i farcio.\u00a0 Fodd bynnag, mae yr un mor bwysig ystyried sut y caiff y rhain eu defnyddio; mae hyn yn allweddol i farcio a chymedroli teg a chyson.\u00a0 Cyflawnir hyn drwy:<\/p>\n<p><u>Cyn marcio<\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sicrhau bod pob marciwr yn rhannu dealltwriaeth o safonau academaidd, trwy gynnal ymarferion cymedroli cymdeithasol a\/neu drwy brofi'r meini prawf yn erbyn sampl gychwynnol;<\/li>\n<li>Sicrhau bod myfyrwyr yn gwybod lle gellir cyrchu\u2019r meini prawf, a\u2019u hatgoffa o r\u00f4l barn academaidd wrth farcio.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>Yn ystod y marcio cychwynnol<\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Adolygu'r marciau yr ydych yn bwriadu eu dyfarnu i'r ychydig bapurau cyntaf a farciwyd er mwyn sicrhau bod eich barn yn gyson \u00e2'r meini prawf;<\/li>\n<li>Pan fyddwch hanner ffordd drwy'r marcio, drwy ddychwelyd at sampl fach ac adolygu'r rhain, sicrhau bod y marcio'n parhau i fod yn gyson \u00e2'r meini prawf ac nad yw barnau wedi newid yn ystod y broses farcio;<\/li>\n<li>(Wrth farcio fel t\u00eem) adolygu'r canlyniadau a gafwyd ar unrhyw bapurau 'rheoli', naill ai i alluogi cymharu gwahanol farcwyr a\/neu i 'ail-raddnodi' dealltwriaeth;<\/li>\n<li>Datblygu sylwadau adborth sy'n ymwneud \u00e2 meini prawf penodol, er mwyn helpu myfyrwyr i ddefnyddio adborth yn well i lwyddo mewn meysydd penodol. (Cofiwch fodd bynnag, na chaiff adborth ei ddarparu ac na ddylid ei ddarparu fel sylwadau sy\u2019n ceisio esbonio a\/neu gyfiawnhau\u2019r marc yn unig.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>Ar \u00f4l marcio cychwynnol<\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cwblhau'r adrannau perthnasol yn y profforma safoni ac yna ei darparu, ynghyd \u00e2 mynediad i'r sgriptiau sy'n cael eu safoni, i'r safonwr(wyr);<\/li>\n<li>Cael y safonwr\/cymedrolwyr wedyn i lenwi\u2019r ffurflen ac yna trefnu i gyfarfod a thrafod y canlyniadau o hyn gyda\u2019r marciwr cyntaf, (mae llawer o astudiaethau ymchwil wedi dangos bod bodloni safonau a\u2019u trafod yn agored ac yn onest yn allweddol i ddatblygu\u2019r ddealltwriaeth gyffredin o safonau);<\/li>\n<li>Sicrhau bod y ffurflen wedi'i chwblhau ar gael i arholwyr allanol;<\/li>\n<li>Bod Byrddau Arholi yn adolygu, a lle bo\u2019n berthnasol, yn diweddaru eu meini prawf yn flynyddol i sicrhau eu bod yn cyfleu disgwyliadau yn gywir, ac yn parhau i fod yn gyson \u00e2 disgwyliadau\u2019r sector;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[N.B.\u00a0 Mae llawer o'r ymchwil i gymedroli wedi amlygu'r angen i gynnal cyfarfodydd a thrafodaethau rhwng marcwyr mewn ffordd agored, barchus a thryloyw.\u00a0 Mae ymchwil wedi dangos ymhellach y gall 'marcio dall dwbl' arwain at amddiffyniad ar ran ail farcwyr; marcwyr yn osgoi marciau uchel iawn neu isel a allai awgrymu marcio nad yw'n cyd-fynd \u00e2'r meini prawf.\u00a0 Fodd bynnag, mae marciau isel iawn neu uchel iawn hefyd yn cael eu hosgoi gan ail farcwyr sydd eisoes yn gwybod y marc cyntaf; bod eu dyfarniad wedi cael ei ddylanwadu gan y dyfarniad gwreiddiol.]<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Mae'r canllawiau hyn yn cynnwys offer ac ystyriaethau ymarferol i gefnogi Ysgolion a thimau rhaglenni i fabwysiadu dull cyfannol, ar lefel rhaglenni, o gynllunio asesiadau.\u00a0 Mae wedi\u2019i drefnu yn \u00f4l [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":9428,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10380","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"meta_box":{"cu_accordion":"","cu_alert":"","cu_tabs":"","cu_quote":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10380","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9428"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10380"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10380\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11775,"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10380\/revisions\/11775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10380"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10380"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10380"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}