{"id":4613,"date":"2024-04-15T13:44:15","date_gmt":"2024-04-15T12:44:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/?page_id=4613"},"modified":"2025-01-22T21:06:11","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T21:06:11","slug":"international-students","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/theme-overview\/inclusivity\/international-students\/","title":{"rendered":"International Students"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>An Inclusivity Theme Page<\/h2>\n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-info with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg class=\"icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" viewBox=\"0 0 793 696\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"etZNF97Wf1q3-fill\" x1=\"351.931\" y1=\"516.34\" 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transform=\"matrix(1.13937 0 0 1 503.331 1752.58)\" fill=\"url(#etZNF97Wf1q6-fill)\"\/><\/g><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Design of Inclusivity Pages<\/h3>                <p>All of the Inclusivity pages are designed following the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL). You will find a combination of text, video and images, along with some points of reflection, practical examples and case studies.<\/p>\n<p>You can choose to read the text or access an audio recording of the same material. The recordings are at the bottom of each page. Alternatively you could use\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/support.microsoft.com\/en-us\/topic\/use-immersive-reader-in-microsoft-edge-78a7a17d-52e1-47ee-b0ac-eff8539015e1\">the Microsoft Immersive Reader,<\/a> which has the ability to set preferences or use the 'read aloud' function .<a href=\"https:\/\/intranet.cardiff.ac.uk\/staff\/training-and-development\/staff-courses-and-programmes\/events-and-training\/learning-and-teaching-cpd-2024-2025\">You can also attend a workshop on the topic.<\/a><\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-info with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg class=\"icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" viewBox=\"0 0 793 696\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"etZNF97Wf1q3-fill\" x1=\"351.931\" y1=\"516.34\" 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transform=\"matrix(1.13937 0 0 1 503.331 1752.58)\" fill=\"url(#etZNF97Wf1q6-fill)\"\/><\/g><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>The Inclusive Education CPD Offer<\/h3>                <div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"_com_1\" class=\"msocomtxt\">In this International Students toolkit page, we will explore the challenges, experiences of, and provisions for international students in Higher Education, outline some key findings in the research on international students' experience of higher education, and give you some practical advice on ensuring your teaching is accessible and inclusive to develop a greater sense of belonging and equity for all your students.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>The initial sections give you the background, context, and data on teaching international students: if you wish to jump straight to practice, access the 'Induction and Transition' section.<\/p>\n<p>You can then advance your understanding by accessing the related pages or workshops on specific Inclusive Education topics.<\/p>\n<p>At the end of this page, there is a map of further CPD opportunities and topics, to aid your navigation.<\/p>\n<p>Key readings for this page: Scudamore, R. (2013)<em> Engaging home and international students: A guide for new lecturers.<\/em> The Higher Education Academy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.advance-he.ac.uk\/knowledge-hub\/engaging-home-and-international-students-guide-new-lecturers\">https:\/\/www.advance-he.ac.uk\/knowledge-hub\/engaging-home-and-international-students-guide-new-lecturers<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"msocomtxt\"><!-- [if !supportAnnotations]--><\/div>\n<p><!--[endif]--><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n<p style=\"margin-top: 0cm;background: white\">The changing demographic of our student population over the last 30 years has been driven by political, economic, educational, social, and technological advances. Our student and staff population offers a rich and diverse global context that enriches and brings value to our universities (Hockings 2010).<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0cm;background: white\">Universities UK recently suggested that:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0cm;background: white\">\u2018International higher education and research are hugely important to our universities and to the UK\u2019s long-term national interest. They help underpin our global reputation, influence, and impact. So, it is more important than ever that we celebrate our achievements \u2013 and work collectively to ensure that public and political support for internationalisation is sustained.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0cm;background: white\">However, an increasingly challenging geopolitical context \u2013 including the long-term effects of the pandemic and the UK\u2019s exit from the EU \u2013 has had a significant impact on universities and their global engagement. As the data shows, we are seeing changes in the composition of the international student body, while outward student mobility has suffered significantly and remains a minority experience for UK students.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>Currently a decline is being seen across the sector, changing the landscape of international education and prompting the question what are we doing for our international students?<\/p>\n<p>This page focuses on the themes of transition, induction, and linguistic, cultural, and academic considerations for the internationalisation of HE. The deeper dive section explores these themes in depth, with key literature, case studies, and resources based on evidence-based research and staff and students\u2019 perspectives.<\/p>\n<p>If you don\u2019t have time to delve into the details right now, here are top tips for teaching international students to get you started:<\/p>\n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-success with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg class=\"icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" viewBox=\"0 0 793 696\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"etZNF97Wf1q3-fill\" x1=\"351.931\" y1=\"516.34\" x2=\"670.917\" y2=\"516.34\" spreadMethod=\"pad\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" gradientTransform=\"translate(0 0)\"><stop id=\"etZNF97Wf1q3-fill-0\" offset=\"0%\" stop-color=\"#12d69e\"\/><stop 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transform=\"matrix(1.13937 0 0 1 503.331 1752.58)\" fill=\"url(#etZNF97Wf1q6-fill)\"\/><\/g><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Top tips to get you started:<\/h3>                <p>1. Managing expectations<\/p>\n<p>It won't be you who has expectations of the students, but the students will have expectations of you and the university. Through websites, pre-arrival materials, VLE and induction materials provide as much information about the module or programme as possible. For example, provide a module map with topics or themes being covered and where assessment practice and submission falls a lecture guide and expectations around readings, including lists or schedules. Importantly signpost students to wider university support that they can access as soon as they arrive.<\/p>\n<p>2. Get to know your students.<\/p>\n<p>Acknowledge and embrace the diversity of your students. Spend time getting international students to open up about their hobbies and free time interests so that other students in the class have some information with which to make connections, find common ground, and start a conversation with them. Even just finding out what football team they support, for example, has generated an incredible amount of bonding in my experience. International students are generally very reticent to approach home students but want to connect with them naturally.<\/p>\n<p>3. Use global perspectives<\/p>\n<p>Wherever possible, use cases or examples with an international l context that do not favour the contextual knowledge of the home students, unless necessary. Alternatively, use case studies or examples that enables home students to seek contextual understanding from international students. Focus on proactive inclusion in the classroom and ask international students about their perspectives\/experiences on the content being delivered.<\/p>\n<p>4. Provide opportunities for expression in multiple ways.<\/p>\n<p>The reason students stay silent in class can be complex, including needing more time to process information from one language to another, adapting to new practices and norms and summoning the confidence to speak out in unfamiliar settings. Providing multiple ways for students to engage such as Mentimeter, and anonymous online boards such as Padlet can help encourage all students to share their thoughts, perspectives and questions.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-success with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg class=\"icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 30 30\"><title>Globe<\/title><path d=\"M15,2a15,15,0,1,1,0,30A15,15,0,0,1,0,17,15,15,0,0,1,15,2ZM10.34,7.44L10,8a5.88,5.88,0,0,0-.31.63C9.53,9.06,9.31,9.53,9.16,10H14V4.16a2.78,2.78,0,0,0-.66.25,5,5,0,0,0-.69.41,6.52,6.52,0,0,0-1.22,1.09,10.24,10.24,0,0,0-1.09,1.53h0ZM16,10h4.84c-0.09-.22-0.16-0.47-0.25-0.69A12.87,12.87,0,0,0,20,8a5.49,5.49,0,0,1-.34-0.56,10.13,10.13,0,0,0-1.09-1.53,6.55,6.55,0,0,0-1.22-1.09,7.68,7.68,0,0,0-.66-0.41A3.67,3.67,0,0,0,16,4.16V10h0ZM5.81,7.81q-0.52.52-.94,1C4.59,9.22,4.28,9.63,4,10H7A15.68,15.68,0,0,1,8.09,7.44,11.33,11.33,0,0,1,9.41,5.28,11.54,11.54,0,0,0,7.5,6.38,10.52,10.52,0,0,0,5.81,7.81ZM23,10h3c-0.25-.37-0.56-0.78-0.84-1.16a13.7,13.7,0,0,0-.94-1A10.58,10.58,0,0,0,22.5,6.38a11.51,11.51,0,0,0-1.91-1.09,13.28,13.28,0,0,1,1.34,2.16A19,19,0,0,1,23,10h0ZM6.5,12H3a9,9,0,0,0-.62,2A10.61,10.61,0,0,0,2,16H6a14.66,14.66,0,0,1,.16-2.06c0.09-.66.19-1.31,0.31-1.94h0ZM14,12H8.56c-0.16.63-.25,1.31-0.34,2A10.67,10.67,0,0,0,8,16h6V12h0Zm2,0v4h6a14.19,14.19,0,0,0-.16-2c-0.12-.66-0.22-1.34-0.37-2H16Zm8,4h4a13.75,13.75,0,0,0-.31-2A11.21,11.21,0,0,0,27,12H23.5c0.13,0.63.22,1.28,0.31,1.94A14.51,14.51,0,0,1,24,16h0ZM3,22H6.5c-0.12-.62-0.22-1.28-0.31-1.94A14.51,14.51,0,0,1,6,18H2a10.6,10.6,0,0,0,.34,2A9,9,0,0,0,3,22H3Zm11-4H8a10.67,10.67,0,0,0,.19,2c0.09,0.66.19,1.34,0.34,2H14V18h0Zm2,4h5.44c0.16-.62.25-1.31,0.38-2A14.06,14.06,0,0,0,22,18H16v4Zm7.5,0H27a11.21,11.21,0,0,0,.66-2A13.9,13.9,0,0,0,28,18H24a14.66,14.66,0,0,1-.16,2.06c-0.09.66-.19,1.31-0.31,1.94h0ZM7,24H4c0.25,0.38.56,0.78,0.84,1.13a9.9,9.9,0,0,0,.94,1.06A10.58,10.58,0,0,0,7.5,27.63a11.51,11.51,0,0,0,1.91,1.09,11.33,11.33,0,0,1-1.31-2.16A15.79,15.79,0,0,1,7,24H7Zm2.12,0,0.28,0.69A7,7,0,0,0,10,26c0.09,0.22.22,0.41,0.31,0.59a9.78,9.78,0,0,0,1.09,1.5,6.78,6.78,0,0,0,1.22,1.13,3,3,0,0,0,.69.38,2,2,0,0,0,.66.28V24H9.16Zm10.5,2.56c0.09-.19.22-0.37,0.34-0.59s0.22-.41.31-0.62c0.19-.44.38-0.87,0.53-1.34H16v5.84a2.45,2.45,0,0,0,.69-0.28,3.51,3.51,0,0,0,.66-0.37,6.78,6.78,0,0,0,1.22-1.12,9.78,9.78,0,0,0,1.09-1.5h0Zm4.53-.37a10,10,0,0,0,.94-1.06c0.28-.34.59-0.75,0.84-1.12H23a19.07,19.07,0,0,1-1,2.56,13.28,13.28,0,0,1-1.34,2.16,11.54,11.54,0,0,0,1.91-1.09,10.52,10.52,0,0,0,1.69-1.44h0Z\" transform=\"translate(0 -2)\"><\/path><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Reflection<\/h3>                <p>How do you perceive international students in Higher Education?<\/p>\n<p>What are the strengths and challenges of teaching and supporting international students?<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n<h2>International students<\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"#WeAreInternational \u2013 Cardiff University\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4KJGwjXaRMU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The term \u2018international students\u2019 is usually used to describe non-UK domiciled students who have travelled to study in the UK. At Cardiff University, our international students bring new cultures, languages and traditions to our diverse and rich learning community. However, it is important to recognise the limitations of labelling students as falling within one group and of not making assumptions based on the country a student is from. All classroom environments are diverse, with home and international students enrolling with a range of ethnic, socio-economic, and religious backgrounds, prior education contexts, and ways of learning. Being an international student is just one part of a person\u2019s multi-faceted identity.<\/p>\n<p>The inclusive education project takes an evidence-informed approach and understands that there is both diversity between groups of students as well as commonalities across the student body. We adopt an inclusive view of diversity (Hockings 2010) and situate our work , focusing on what international students bring to enrich our institution and learning environments.<a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cu_accordion\/international-students-deficit-and-value-narrative\/\"> If you wish to read more about the deficit and value narrative then visit the deeper dive section.<\/a><\/p>\n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-success with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg class=\"icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" viewBox=\"0 0 793 696\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"etZNF97Wf1q3-fill\" x1=\"351.931\" y1=\"516.34\" x2=\"670.917\" y2=\"516.34\" spreadMethod=\"pad\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" gradientTransform=\"translate(0 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transform=\"matrix(1.13937 0 0 1 503.331 1752.58)\" fill=\"url(#etZNF97Wf1q6-fill)\"\/><\/g><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Reflection<\/h3>                <p>When reflecting on your practice consider the following questions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Who isn't speaking\/engaging in lectures or sessions?<\/li>\n<li>Why might that be?<\/li>\n<li>How can we provide a space that allows everyone to engage?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n<h2>Transition and induction<\/h2>\n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-success with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg class=\"icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" viewBox=\"0 0 793 696\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\"><defs><linearGradient 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transform=\"matrix(1.13937 0 0 1 503.331 1752.58)\" fill=\"url(#etZNF97Wf1q6-fill)\"\/><\/g><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Top tips for induction<\/h3>                <ul>\n<li>Make contact before modules or programmes begin, introducing yourself and sharing key information about the module and expectations. Signpost students to support that is available to them.<\/li>\n<li>During lectures or seminars encourage students to share experiences and create peer support opportunities for both the discipline and wider university experience.<\/li>\n<li>Signpost students to university support services such as academic services as well as wider information on the local area and what is on offer.<\/li>\n<li>Encourage students to embrace mixing with others as a natural and positive learning experience (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.timeshighereducation.com\/campus\/how-support-international-students-smooth-transition-new-country\">again, this can be through informal meets e.g. end of term together)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n<figure id=\"post-4644 media-4644\" class=\"imagew-50 align-none\"><\/figure>\n<p>Universities offer a wide range of induction processes for students with a focus on transitioning them successfully into the new educational culture. However, when discussing transition, we do not just mean the first few weeks of university but how students navigate the student journey and transitions in, through, and out of university.<\/p>\n<p>The process of transition in the broadest sense is complex and includes a huge range of stakeholders and intersectional identities. Students find the transition process challenging (Kift et al, 2010), and research suggests that for international students the process is even harder to navigate (Wu &amp; Hammond 2011). Induction plays an important role in the success of students climatising to their new context and minimising the effects of culture shock. It can also help students form a network that becomes the basis for teamwork within the academic setting and peer support for the wider student experience. <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cu_accordion\/international-students-transition-and-induction-deeper-dive\/\">More literature and resources on the topic of induction and transition can be found in the deeper dive section click here.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Below you will find advice based on Bell\u2019s (2016) dimensions of the international transition support model. <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cu_accordion\/international-students-transition-and-induction-deeper-dive\/\">If you wish to delve deeper into this theme then click this link to the deeper dive section.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Academic and Cultural Considerations<\/h2>\n<p>Below are some top tips to get you started.<\/p>\n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-success with-icon \">        \n                            <div class=\"alert-icon\">\n                    <svg class=\"icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" viewBox=\"0 0 793 696\" shape-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\" text-rendering=\"geometricPrecision\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"etZNF97Wf1q3-fill\" x1=\"351.931\" y1=\"516.34\" x2=\"670.917\" y2=\"516.34\" spreadMethod=\"pad\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" gradientTransform=\"translate(0 0)\"><stop id=\"etZNF97Wf1q3-fill-0\" offset=\"0%\" stop-color=\"#12d69e\"\/><stop id=\"etZNF97Wf1q3-fill-1\" offset=\"100%\" stop-color=\"#00a870\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"etZNF97Wf1q4-fill\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"153.98\" x2=\"318.986\" y2=\"153.98\" spreadMethod=\"pad\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" gradientTransform=\"translate(0 0)\"><stop id=\"etZNF97Wf1q4-fill-0\" offset=\"0%\" stop-color=\"#02beff\"\/><stop id=\"etZNF97Wf1q4-fill-1\" offset=\"100%\" 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transform=\"matrix(1.13937 0 0 1 503.331 1752.58)\" fill=\"url(#etZNF97Wf1q6-fill)\"\/><\/g><\/svg>                <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Top tips:<\/h3>                <ul>\n<li>Learn about your students beforehand either through a pre-session questionnaire or anonymous writing activity.<\/li>\n<li>Be explicit in acknowledging various backgrounds.<\/li>\n<li>Be explicit in your pedagogical approach and the value it has to the discipline.<\/li>\n<li>Provide a broad representation of literature and case studies. If this isn't an option in your discipline acknowledge this imbalance and ask students to critique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What is cultural competence? \u2013 National Centre for Cultural Competence\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QR-32K2K01k?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>The more you find out about your students and their diverse prior experiences, cultural context, and educational background, the more you can anticipate challenges and plan for and design learning opportunities that remove these barriers. When you apply Universal Design for Learning (CAST, 2018) and culturally responsive pedagogy to your practice you are anticipating challenges and catering to a diverse student cohort designing out the barriers. It is important to acknowledge that this approach to design does not just improve the learning experience for international students it improves the learning for all students. If you would like to find out more about these pedagogical approaches, then visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/theme-overview\/inclusivity\/empowering-students-to-fulfil-their-potential\/\">Empowering Students to fulfil their potential page.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cu_accordion\/international-students-academic-and-cultural-integration\/\">To read lecturer and student perspectives on how academic and cultural integration impacts students&#8217; experience click on the deeper dive section here.<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Linguistic Understanding<\/h2>\n<p>Not all international students will face a linguistic challenge, and some only to a lesser extent (Bell, 2016). However, for most international students, language proficiency is the biggest challenge when adjusting to UK university life (Sawir, 2005 and Burdett &amp; Crossman ,2012). If you wish to find out more about how to overcome the challenge of linguistic understanding for international students <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/cu_accordion\/linguistic-understanding\/\">then click on the deeper dive section.<\/a><\/p>\n \n\n                        <div class=\"alert alert alert-success\">        \n            \n            <div class=\"alert-body\">            \n                <h3>Top tips:<\/h3>                <ul>\n<li>Ensure resources (e.g. lecture slides, readings, case studies, activity instructions) are provided 48 hours before so students can translate\/ familiarise themselves.<\/li>\n<li>Plan sessions with thinking\/quiet time allowing students to process the information.<\/li>\n<li>Use images and clear straightforward language.<\/li>\n<li>Write new terms or acronyms and abbreviations on the board or slides and explicitly point them out and explain them.<\/li>\n<li>Consider your pace and use of metaphors, idioms and culturally specific references, without offering explanations for their meaning.<\/li>\n<li>Explain UK-specific references to cultural or historical examples or artefacts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div> \n\n    \n<p>Here you will find guidance to help reduce the linguistic barriers international students face:<\/p>\n<div class=\"accordion accordion-accessible\"><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-linguistic-barriers-1\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Lectures<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-linguistic-barriers-1\"><p>Provide guided questions for pre-session reading (to focus attention on key issues and give purpose to reading.<br \/>\n\u2022 List Intended learning outcomes and keep referring back to them to explain why they\u2019re important.<br \/>\n\u2022 Use a mix of audio\/visual materials and presentations.<br \/>\n\u2022 Build in pauses.<br \/>\n\u2022 Use images and speak clearly and slowly.<br \/>\n\u2022 Use open ended questions to help aid discussion.<br \/>\n\u2022 Provide opportunities for peer discussion.<br \/>\n\u2022 Provide pre session tasks and readings in advance, so students can prepare for the lecture content<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-linguistic-barriers-2\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Assessment<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-linguistic-barriers-2\"><p>Discuss and analyse the rubrics\/assessment criteria.<br \/>\n\u2022 Allow students to discuss and analyse exemplars (alongside assessment criteria)<br \/>\n\u2022 Offer opportunities for formative feedback early on (peer and\/or lecturer feedback)<br \/>\n\u2022 Don\u2019t assume everyone knows what \u2018being critical\u2019 means.<br \/>\n\u2022 Explain what marks mean.<br \/>\n\u2022 Provide assignment checklists.<br \/>\n\u2022 Encourage\/ support reflection\/ self-assessment (what went well, what can I do to improve next time)<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-linguistic-barriers-3\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Teamwork<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-linguistic-barriers-3\"><p>There is much research on the best approach to teamwork within a multicultural setting. The approach you take will depend on your students and the discipline \u00a0but it should:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Discuss the benefits of working with others, raising the issue of cultural differences and potential misunderstandings with students before the activity.<\/li>\n<li>Set ground rules (co-created with students), different roles, expectations, and what success looks like.<\/li>\n<li>Support groups to come to a common agreement as to how they will handle contentious issues that may arise.<\/li>\n<li>Assign groups to help promote social cohesiveness between cultures (Burns,V 2013) and avoid students selecting to work in mono-cultural groups<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-linguistic-barriers-4\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Seminars<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-linguistic-barriers-4\"><ul>\n<li>Explain what seminars are for and what you expect from the students.<br \/>\n\u2022 Provide pre-seminar preparation tasks.<br \/>\n\u2022 Find resources\/ examples from students' contexts.<br \/>\n\u2022 Tap into students\u2019 expertise and provide opportunities for students to share from their context (but don\u2019t force them).<br \/>\n\u2022 Allow for thinking time before expecting an answer and allow students to finish.<br \/>\n\u2022 Get students to share their thoughts\/ ideas with each other before reporting back to the whole class (creates a safe space to share).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-linguistic-barriers-5\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Contentious issues<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-linguistic-barriers-5\"><p>Focus on an exploratory model of discussion- seeking information to gain a new perspective.<br \/>\n\u2022 Anticipate material that could be controversial and actively plan to manage it.<br \/>\n\u2022 Model behaviours of responding using neutral statements.<br \/>\n\u2022 Be explicit about the value of knowing what you don\u2019t know.<br \/>\n\u2022 Use open questions to navigate the discussion.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><\/div>\n<h2>Recording of the page<\/h2>\n\n<!-- iframe plugin v.6.0 wordpress.org\/plugins\/iframe\/ -->\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"image w-100\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiff.cloud.panopto.eu\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=5ca08b82-a984-4ed4-9a19-b26d0157ce98\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\n<div class=\"accordion accordion-accessible\"><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-deficit-and-value-narrative-1\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> International students: The deficit narrative<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-deficit-and-value-narrative-1\"><p>The deficit narrative is widely used, and sees teachers and educationalists focus on the \u2018lack\u2019 of language, understanding, and integration, rather than how international students enrich the learning experience for all. A number of researchers have explored this phenomenon:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A lack of language and academic skills (Lower 2017)<br \/>\n\u2022 A lack of social integration (Cockrill 2017)<br \/>\n\u2022 A lack of confidence to engage with learning and questioning opportunities (Turner 2015)<br \/>\n\u2022 A lack of critical thinking skills or ability to participate verbally (Marline 2009)<br \/>\n\u2022 A lack of knowledge of local issues and institutions (Krall 2017)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The deficit narrative is rooted in stereotypes of one type of international student but applied to all. It is this \u2018lack of\u2019 narrative that can foster the presence of intercultural tensions between home students and create the feeling of \u2018other\u2019 shaping both learning relationships and pedagogical practices. (Straker 2015). Many international students perceive discriminatory language and bias from their classmates (Heloitt et al 2020), some of which implies that international students need to assimilate into traditional UK pedagogical practices. This gives the perception to international students that it is their job to adjust and assimilate to \u2018our way\u2019.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0cm; background: white;\">The Advance HE (2024) \u2018Internationalising HE Framework\u2019 highlights the responsibility of the university to support students with the challenges they face.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"post-4652 media-4652\" class=\"image w=50 align-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/files\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-02-20-124910.png\" alt=\"A diagram of 5 circles with dots inside. Circle 1: Not inclusion. Lots of green dots and a few red, blue and yellow dots. Circle 2: Inclusion. Different coloured dots 1 of each colour. Circle 3: Exclusion. Green dots inside circle. Red, blue and yellow dots around the outside of the circle. Circle 4: Segregation. Green dots inside large circle. Smaller circle with red, blue and yellow dots next to larger circle. Circle 5: green dots inside large circle. Smaller circle inside larger circle with red, blue and yellow dots inside.\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>When a deficit narrative is applied there is also a missed opportunity to recognise and optimise the diverse cultural, intellectual, and experiential perspectives that international students can offer to all student's experiences.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-deficit-and-value-narrative-2\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> International students: The value narrative<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-deficit-and-value-narrative-2\"><p>Recent literature acknowledges how individual agency and adaptability are important to understanding how students learn, alongside the varying dimensions of diversity and traditional stereotypes and assumptions of certain groups of students (Sanger &amp; Gleason, 2020). Lomer (2017) applies a value narrative that situates international students as offering a window into the world, enhancing higher education quality by facilitating internationalisation. International students offer a different perspective and, when valued, can enhance the learning experience for all students, gaining cultural competencies that will prepare all for the globalised world. There are several benefits for all students when the learning environment recognises, celebrates, and values the diversity of everyone.<\/p>\n<h4>Cultural enrichment<\/h4>\n<p>An international cohort brings an array of cultures, perspectives, and experiences to the academic environment.<\/p>\n<h4>Global networking<\/h4>\n<p>Interacting with peers from around the world provides students with a valuable opportunity to build an international network. This network can extend beyond the academic setting and contribute to future collaborations and professional\/ personal connections.<\/p>\n<h4>Enhanced Learning Experience<\/h4>\n<p>Exposure to different perspectives challenges traditional viewpoints and cultivates critical thinking. This diversity can lead to more comprehensive discussions and a deeper understanding of global issues.<\/p>\n<h4>Preparation for Global Careers<\/h4>\n<p>Engaging with an international cohort prepares students for global workplaces. The ability to work effectively in diverse teams is a sought- after skill in today's interconnected world.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, situating our thinking using the value narrative ensures we reflect on and consider the needs of all the students to enhance the learning environment for all.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordion accordion-accessible\"><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-transition-and-induction-deeper-dive-1\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Transition and induction<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-transition-and-induction-deeper-dive-1\"><p>Transitions can happen throughout the student journey and when successful can lead to the development of identities and new ways of knowing (Beach 1999, in Ecohard and Fotheringham 2017:101). Ploner (2018) discusses academic hospitality which focuses on the reciprocal exchange between \u2018host\u2019 and \u2018guest\u2019. When you apply this concept to international students you are reframing the deficit narrative and moving towards the notion of actively valuing and learning from different cultures.<\/p>\n<p>Students entering university will have mixed experiences and expectations. International students traveling to study have already demonstrated a commitment to studying in another country. However, the reality can be very different from the expectation. For a home student, the process of entering a new context can be challenging in many ways. The additional dimensions of acculturation and adjustment within the process of transition create an extra challenge for international students. These need to be considered when planning induction and transition processes. Bridging the gap between prior experience and expectations to ensure that all students can perform to their potential does not mean changing what we ask of students, but it does mean recognising the scale of the transition for some students (Scudamore 2013).<\/p>\n<p>Scudamore (2013: 10) identifies several phases to transition that can last over a few months, some or all might be experiences by students:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"post-4684 media-4684\" class=\"image align-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/files\/2024\/04\/Screenshot-2024-01-23-132804.png\" alt=\"4 blue rectangles flow map. 1. Euphoria. 2. Disorientation 3. Rejection by and\/or of the new culture. 4. Reintegration.\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>Figure: Stages of transition (Scudamore 2013 p10)<\/p>\n<h3>Dimensions of adjustment<\/h3>\n<p>Broadly the literature presents 3 dimensions of adjustment for international students<\/p>\n<figure id=\"post-4696 media-4696\" class=\"image align-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/files\/2024\/04\/dimensions-of-adjustment.png\" alt=\"3 overlapping circles venn diagram: Academic, Linguistic and Socio-cultural\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>Here is an example of some challenges international students may face when adjusting to university:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td>Academic<\/td>\n<td>Linguistic<\/td>\n<td>Sociocultural<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Teaching practices<\/td>\n<td>Communicating with native speakers (speed, accent, register, body language and colloquialism etc)<\/td>\n<td>Navigate new city, work out public transport, find accommodation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Classroom dynamics<\/td>\n<td>A mismatch between standardised proficiency tests and reality<\/td>\n<td>Make new circle of friends<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Core traditions of L&amp;T (e.g. student centred learning)<\/td>\n<td>Understanding and producing academic texts<\/td>\n<td>Join healthcare system<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Core values (e.g. concepts of success)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Adapt to food, weather, social conventions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Assignments and assessment methods<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Deal with financial pressures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-transition-and-induction-deeper-dive-2\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Dimensions of international support model (Bell 2016)<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-transition-and-induction-deeper-dive-2\"><p>The following resource shows Bell\u2019s (2016) dimensions of international support model\u2019 highlighting the type of support universities offer, and identifying key practices to help support the transition process.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"post-7963 media-7963\" class=\"image align-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/files\/2024\/12\/Screenshot-2024-04-16-092704.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordion accordion-accessible\"><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-academic-and-cultural-integration-2\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> EAP tutor 1<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-academic-and-cultural-integration-2\"><p>I was wondering how the university currently considers international students in our equality and diversity efforts. This is prompted by discussions with some international students about how much they struggled with classes where e.g. the lecturer uses very complex language that home students understand but international students do not, and the emotional impact of feeling sidelined in classes.<br \/>\nIt's perhaps inevitable there would be some challenges in this area, and some would argue that it is the responsibility of students to ensure they have the language abilities to study in the UK. However, these are students who have met the language standards required by the university but find that this isn't sufficient for the level of language used by some lecturers. This isn't about 'dumbing down' content - but rather thinking about the type of language used (e.g. long complex sentences, lots of idioms, cultural references that are known only to home students).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-academic-and-cultural-integration-3\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> EAP tutor 2<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-academic-and-cultural-integration-3\"><p>International students often seem aware of the need to do something \u2018critical\u2019 in their writing but ask questions about what exactly this means in practice. Looking up the word \u2018critical\u2019 in a dictionary may add to the uncertainty. In their essay questions, lecturers can use different words and phrases to ask for a critical approach. A few of these that come to mind are:<br \/>\no Evaluate<br \/>\no Critically evaluate<br \/>\no Assess<br \/>\no Build an argument<br \/>\no Show your stance\/position\/perspective\/motivation<br \/>\nAnd sometimes, just the word \u2018discuss\u2019 might be used (maybe with the \u2018critical\u2019 input assumed)<br \/>\nExamples of what counts as \u2018critical\u2019 in a specific context\/question are difficult (and risky) for a writing support tutor to give.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-academic-and-cultural-integration-4\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> EAP tutor 3<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-academic-and-cultural-integration-4\"><p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW198595252 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW198595252 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">International students often talk about the difficulty of <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW198595252 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">participating<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW198595252 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\"> in discussions with home students. Sometimes they struggle to understand \u2013 particularly more colloquial English \u2013 but also to be understood. One student recently told me that that she feels home students avoid talking to her as she thinks she makes them feel uncomfortable if they struggle with her accent. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW198595252 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">I feel there<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW198595252 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\"> is a quite urgent need for academic staff to engage home students as well as international students in developing an inclusive classroom - and indeed an inclusive programme and School environment. This needs to happen from day 1. Or even before. To what extent do our home students understand what it means to study at an international university - if indeed we are one?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"LineBreakBlob BlobObject DragDrop SCXW198595252 BCX8\"><span class=\"SCXW198595252 BCX8\">\u00a0<\/span><br class=\"SCXW198595252 BCX8\" \/><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW198595252 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW198595252 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">Many international students also comment that by the time they have formulated something to contribute to the discussion, the home students have moved on to another aspect of the topic. This to me suggests a greater need for the scaffolding of discussion activities \u2013 for example, the need to build in thinking and preparation time but also more private (e.g. pair) rehearsal before larger group discussion.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW198595252 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-academic-and-cultural-integration-5\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Lecturer 1<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-academic-and-cultural-integration-5\"><p style=\"margin-top: 0cm; background: white;\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW264816685 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264816685 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">International students often have difficulty understanding what the marking criteria mean in a real sense. For example, the criteria may include quite generic ideas like 'written work has to be well-referenced, well-structured and show evidence of evaluation<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW264816685 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">'<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264816685 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\"> but those skills are difficult to <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264816685 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">demonstrate<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264816685 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\"> if they <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264816685 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">aren't<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264816685 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\"> properly explained. Similarly, feedback on formative work <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun AdvancedProofingIssueV2Themed SCXW264816685 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">has to<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264816685 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\"> be explained in quite a lot of detail so <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264816685 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\">it's<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264816685 BCX8\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal (Web)\"> clear what needs to be changed.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW264816685 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335557856&quot;:16777215,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-academic-and-cultural-integration-6\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Lecturer 2<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-academic-and-cultural-integration-6\"><p>In many countries, students are used to a system where it's possible (and typical) to get very high percentages on coursework and in exams (e.g. 90-100%). They are often shocked when they get a grade here around 60% and are told that it's 'good'. They often panic that they're failing and worry about telling their parents. Explaining the grading system here and that 60-70%+ constitutes a good\/very good grade is advisable.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordion accordion-accessible\"><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-linguistic-understanding-1\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Linguistic understanding<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-linguistic-understanding-1\"><p>As mentioned above linguistic proficiency plays a fundamental role in students\u2019 ability to fully integrate into their new context. Below you will find a selection of international students' perspectives on linguistic considerations from Jenkins and Wingate (2015).<\/p>\n<h4>Student 1<\/h4>\n<p>IELTS is about giving your opinion, like you have a topic and you write an introduction, a body and a conclusion, and you come up with your ideas and that\u2019s fine. And then you think you should do the same in your university essays.<\/p>\n<h4>Student 2<\/h4>\n<p>The assignments they gave us were always for evaluation, for marking. But they might give us different types of assignments, just to give feedback.<\/p>\n<h4>Student 3<\/h4>\n<p>But the problem is the time [\u2026] and I don\u00b4t look at it [i.e. grammar problems] as something that I really need to improve because I\u00b4ve got other priorities, I need to submit coursework, I need to do my assignment, so that problem doesn\u00b4t get resolved.<\/p>\n<h4>Student 4<\/h4>\n<p>If you are disabled they give you some allowances, they give you some empathy, they give you some you know credits [...]. If you are dyslexic they give you some, they give you some exemption as well, right? When you\u00b4re a foreign student you almost like a dyslexic person, I mean, not literally the same but you\u00b4re almost fulfilling the disabled criteria [\u2026] so what I would suggest is if universities look at the point these people are making [\u2026] and the ideas and the knowledge that the foreign students have got to impart or put, that should be marked in terms of criteria.<\/p>\n<p>Key research on the role of linguistic proficiency and the challenges international students face, (Gatwiri G. 2015):<br \/>\n\u2022 There is a discourse about whether traditional standardised language tests and grammar methods inadequately prepare students (Wu and Hammond 2011). Even when students\u2019 English language skills are good when they arrive at university, they find that their linguistic proficiency is insufficient to cope with the demands of an English-speaking environment.<br \/>\n\u2022 Challenges also lie in the subtleties embraced by academic writing. The level of language competence to identify these differences and model them in their writing can be demanding.<br \/>\n\u2022 Reviewing sources for reliability and validity and the language used and context can be less accessible to students creating barriers for those students who are not English first language speakers. (Ramachandran 2011: Ecohard and Fatheringham 2017).<br \/>\nIt is not just the academic language proficiencies that can cause a challenge but the communication with native speakers and the pace of the speaker, dialect, accent, and use of idioms and metaphors that are culturally dependent can create a sense of isolation that can impact both academic and socio-cultural integration. (Wu and Hammad 2011, Akanwa 2015).<\/p>\n<p>Considerations need to be made about:<br \/>\n\u2022 How English was taught in the home country and to what level of acquisition, the application of informal English in the UK, the use of idioms, metaphors, and culturally specific references, and lastly the specific academic language associated with the discipline.<br \/>\n\u2022 Whether the student has learned English from a native English speaker or someone who has English as an additional language (Ramachandran 2011).<\/p>\n<p>Many nuanced factors contribute to how a student acquires language and it would be unrealistic to expect international students to arrive in the UK using fluent English, and a knowledge of contextual references, metaphors, and idioms to communicate effectively (Echochard and Fotheringham 2017).<br \/>\nThis view undermines the complex nature of applied linguistics and acquiring another language. Many international students choose to study in the UK as they understand the value of immersing themselves in the language to improve their linguistic ability. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge the challenge of linguistic proficiency and be mindful of its impact on the learning environment<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordion accordion-accessible\"><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-deeper-dive-section-1\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Signpost support<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-deeper-dive-section-1\"><p>Academic English Skills for International Students<br \/>\nEnglish Language Programmes\u2019 Academic English Skills team provide free classes and one-to-one tutorials to current international students whose first language is not English. We can support you with advice on the skills you need for academic study in the UK.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cardiff.ac.uk\/study\/international\/english-language-programmes\/academic-english-skills-for-international-students\">Classes and workshops<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cardiff.ac.uk\/study\/international\/english-language-programmes\/academic-english-skills-for-international-students\">One-to-one tutorials<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cardiff.ac.uk\/study\/international\/english-language-programmes\/academic-english-skills-for-international-students\">Self-study resources<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cardiff.ac.uk\/study\/international\/english-language-programmes\/academic-english-skills-for-international-students\">Further information and enrolment<\/a><br \/>\nContact<br \/>\nIf you have any further questions, please contact:<br \/>\nAcademic English Skills for International Students<br \/>\nacademicenglish@cardiff.ac.uk<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cardiff.ac.uk\/study\/international\/english-language-programmes\/academic-english-skills-for-international-students\">https:\/\/www.cardiff.ac.uk\/study\/international\/english-language-programmes\/academic-english-skills-for-international-students<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-deeper-dive-section-2\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Practical Considerations<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-deeper-dive-section-2\"><p><strong>Assumptions:<\/strong> They will have all done well in their educational system, however, they will not all share the same knowledge and skills and may have different life experiences to your own. Do not necessarily expect them to understand all the academic conventions you may take for granted, or know how to prepare for a seminar or case study.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reflection Questions:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2022 What assumptions are you making about the knowledge of your students?<br \/>\n\u2022 What are you expecting that they can, and cannot do?<br \/>\n\u2022 What expectations do you have of your students?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Manage expectations:<\/strong> Where possible, through websites, pre-arrival documentation, email briefing, the VLE and induction week; help students to understand what to expect from your course or module and also what you expect of them.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reflection Questions:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2022 What will be the class size?<br \/>\n\u2022 How will the module be assessed?<br \/>\n\u2022 How many lectures will there be?<br \/>\n\u2022 What formative tests are there?<br \/>\n\u2022 How much reading do you expect them to do each week?<br \/>\n\u2022 What is the structure of the module and what topics will be covered?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Presentation style:<\/strong> Use a slow and clear voice, allow students the chance to familiarise themselves with your use of language and accent. use of metaphors, idioms, be clear!!<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reflection Questions:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2022 Do you have specific phrases you use that could be confusing?<br \/>\n\u2022 What specific academic phrases, vocabulary will they need to know?<br \/>\n\u2022 How fast do you talk, volume, direction you face?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Encourage speaking in class<\/strong>: The way you receive the first few class contributions is very important for the class dynamics as the module develops. Welcome all contributions and try not to be critical of any comments made (see Buttner 2004). If a student has misunderstood the point, thank them for their contribution and try to encourage another student to offer an alternative point of view. Be explicit about encouraging all contributions and remind students that obtaining a range of viewpoints is helpful to them because they need to understand there are always arguments for and against different approaches. Students who are reluctant to give their views might be prepared to feedback on an idea that they have talked about with peers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reflection Questions:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2022 Thank you for that viewpoint, does anyone have an alternative?<br \/>\n\u2022 I like what you said, can anyone expand on this?<br \/>\n\u2022 Is there an alternative viewpoint?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Representation:<\/strong> Wherever possible, use cases with a multi-national context that do not favour the contextual knowledge of the home students. Alternatively, use a case that forces home students to seek contextual understanding from international students.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reflection Questions:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u2022 Is the module\/program representative of my students?<br \/>\n\u2022 Who \u2018s voice is missing? What does that tell us?<br \/>\n\u2022 How can you give space to discussion and critiquing discipline context?<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-deeper-dive-section-3\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Resources<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-deeper-dive-section-3\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ukcisa.org.uk\/Research--Policy\/Resource-bank\/resources\/35\/Discussing-difference-discovering-similarities\">UKCISA - Discussing difference, discovering similarities:<\/a>Toolkit for academic staff to improve interaction and cross-cultural learning between students from different cultural backgrounds.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com\/assets.creode.advancehe-document-manager\/documents\/hea\/private\/resources\/language_1568037225.pdf\">https:\/\/s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com\/assets.creode.advancehe-document-manager\/documents\/hea\/private\/resources\/language_1568037225.pdf<\/a> : practical tips on language for international students<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/higher-education-network\/2017\/sep\/18\/how-can-universities-help-international-students-feel-at-home\">How can universities help international students feel at home?<\/a> | Student experience | The Guardian : Examples of good practice in other universities.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cft.vanderbilt.edu\/guides-sub-pages\/teaching-international-students\/\">Teaching International Students | Center for Teaching | Vanderbilt University<\/a>: practical advice on supporting international students<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.plymouth.ac.uk\/rails\/active_storage\/blobs\/proxy\/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcmxRIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--d4721590fc7d467ec0d26c4fbd3cb631d667c90b\/7_steps_to_Internationalisation_2012.pdf\">7_steps_to_Internationalisation_2012.pdf (plymouth.ac.uk)<\/a>: internationalising Teaching and Learning<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wonkhe.com\/blogs\/focusing-on-the-digital-experiences-of-international-students-can-improve-higher-education-for-everyone\/\">Focusing on the digital experiences of international students can improve higher education for everyone<\/a> | Wonkhe<\/p>\n<p>Podcasts:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.timeshighereducation.com\/campus\/podcast-rethinking-internationalisation-higher-education\">https:\/\/www.timeshighereducation.com\/campus\/podcast-rethinking-internationalisation-higher-education<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/shows.acast.com\/63030887e182680013984f2f\/65bc17088c97ea0017a58214\">https:\/\/shows.acast.com\/63030887e182680013984f2f\/65bc17088c97ea0017a58214<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-deeper-dive-section-4\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> References<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-deeper-dive-section-4\"><p>Burns, V. (2013) Developing skills for successful international groupwork. AdvanceHE. Available at: https:\/\/www.advance-he.ac.uk\/knowledge-hub\/developing-skills-successful-international-groupwork<\/p>\n<p>Ecochard, S. and Fotheringham, J. (2017). International students\u2019 unique challenges \u2013 Why understanding international transitions to Higher Education matters. Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice, 5:2, 100-108<\/p>\n<p>Gatwiri, G. 2015. The Influence of Language Difficulties on the Wellbeing of International Students: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Inquiries Journal\/Student Pulse [Online], 7. Available: http:\/\/www.inquiriesjournal.com\/a?id=1042<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e9liot, Y., Mittelmeier, J. and Rienties, B. (2020). Developing learning relationships in intercultural and multi-disciplinary environments: a mixed method investigation of management students\u2019 experiences. Studies in Higher Education, 45: 11<\/p>\n<p>Hockings, C. (2010). Inclusive learning and teaching in higher education: a synthesis of research. AdvanceHE. Available at:<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.advance-he.ac.uk\/knowledge-hub\/inclusive-learning-and-teaching-higher-education-synthesis-research<\/p>\n<p>Jenkins, J. and Wingate, U. (2015). Staff and students\u2019 perceptions of English language policies and practices in \u2018International\u2019 Universities: A case study from the UK. Higher Education Review, 47:2, 47-73<\/p>\n<p>Lomer, S. and Mittelmeier, J. (2023). Mapping the research on pedagogies with international students in the UK: a systematic literature review. Teaching in Higher Education, 28:6, 1243-1263,<\/p>\n<p>Lomer, S., Mittelmeier, J. and Carmichael-Murphy, P. (2021). Cash cows or pedagogic partners? Mapping pedagogic practices for and with international students. Society for Research into Higher Education (Research Report). University of Manchester.<\/p>\n<p>Lomer, S. (2017). Recruiting International Students in Higher Education Representations and Rationales in British Policy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan<\/p>\n<p>Marlina, R. (2009). \u2018I Don\u2019t Talk or I Decide Not to Talk? Is It My Culture?\u2019- International students\u2019 experiences of tutorial participation. International Journal of Educational Research 48:4, 235\u201344.<\/p>\n<p>Newsome, L. and Cooper, P. (2016). International students\u2019 cultural and social experiences in a British university: \u201cSuch a hard life [it] is here\u201d. Journal of International Students, 6:1, 195-215<\/p>\n<p>Rhoden, M. (2019). Internationalisation and intercultural engagement in UK Higher Education \u2013 Revisiting a contested terrain. In International Research and Researchers Network Event. Society for Research in Higher Education.<\/p>\n<p>Scudamore, R. (2013) Engaging home and international students: A guide for new lecturers. The Higher Education Academy.<\/p>\n<p>Straker, J. (2016) International student participation in Higher Education: Changing the focus from \u201cInternational Students\u201d to \u201cParticipation\u201d. Journal of Studies in International Education, 20(4), 299-318.<\/p>\n<p>Universities UK (2023) International facts and Figures 2023. Available at: https:\/\/www.universitiesuk.ac.uk\/universities-uk-international\/insights-and-publications\/uuki-publications\/international-facts-and-figures-2023<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><div class=\"accordion-section\">\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-section-header-title collapsed\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#content-international-students-deeper-dive-section-5\"\n        aria-expanded=\"false\"><svg class=\"icon icon-chevron-right\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 19.75 32\">\n    <title>Chevron right<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M6.13,28.28L18.41,16,6.13,3.72,9.84,0l16,16-16,16Z\" transform=\"translate(-6.13 0)\"><\/path>\n<\/svg> Share Your Feedback<\/h2> <div class=\"accordion-section-body collapse \" id=\"content-international-students-deeper-dive-section-5\"><p>\n<!-- iframe plugin v.6.0 wordpress.org\/plugins\/iframe\/ -->\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"image w-75\" src=\"https:\/\/forms.microsoft.com\/pages\/responsepage.aspx?id=MEu3vWiVVki9vwZ1l3j8vFjmzr0UHJNEkrFqXd1VVfhURFkwR1E4TzlNNFJGR1VIRDdKRENOOFZFSS4u\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/div><\/div>\n<h2>Recording of Deeper Dives<\/h2>\n\n<!-- iframe plugin v.6.0 wordpress.org\/plugins\/iframe\/ -->\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"image w-100\" src=\"https:\/\/cardiff.cloud.panopto.eu\/Panopto\/Pages\/Viewer.aspx?id=da3f6270-a771-4db0-84d9-b26d0159f8bf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Where Next?<\/h2>\n<p><!--StartFragment --><\/p>\n<p><strong>The Inclusive Education CPD Offer<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Toolkit<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>You can now develop your understanding of Inclusive Education by accessing any of the related pages on specific topics, outlined in the map below, which relate to the Inclusive Education Framework. You can jump to any useful topic, as you require.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Workshops<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>You can also develop your understanding of Inclusive Education by attending workshop sessions that relate to each topic. These workshops can be taken in a live face-to-face session, if you prefer social interactive learning, or can be completed asynchronously in your own time, if preferred. You can find out <a href=\"https:\/\/intranet.cardiff.ac.uk\/staff\/training-and-development\/staff-courses-and-programmes\/events-and-training\/learning-and-teaching-cpd-2024-2025\">more information on workshops, and the link to book here.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Bespoke School Provision<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We offer support for Schools on Inclusive Education, through the Education Development service. This can be useful to address specific local concerns, to upskill whole teams, or to support the programme approval and revalidation process. Please contact your School\u2019s Education Development Team contact for more information.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Map of Topics<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Below is a map of the toolkit and workshop topics, to aid your navigation. These will be developed and added to in future iterations of this toolkit:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"post-7193 media-7193\" class=\"image align-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/files\/2024\/10\/Inclusive-education-map-2.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>You&#8217;re on page 9 of 9 Inclusivity theme\u202fpages. Explore the others here:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/theme-overview\/inclusivity\/\">1.Inclusivity and the CU Inclusive Education Framework<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/theme-overview\/inclusivity\/introduction-to-inclusive-education\/\">2.Introduction to Inclusive Education<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/theme-overview\/inclusivity\/fostering-a-sense-of-belonging-for-all-students\/\">3.Fostering a sense of belonging for all students<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/theme-overview\/inclusivity\/empowering-students-to-fulfil-their-potential\/\">4.Empowering students to fulfil their potential<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/theme-overview\/inclusivity\/developing-inclusive-mindsets\/\">5.Developing inclusive mindsets<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/theme-overview\/inclusivity\/universal-design-for-learning\/\">6.Universal<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/theme-overview\/inclusivity\/universal-design-for-learning\/\"> Design for Learning\u202f<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/theme-overview\/inclusivity\/digital-accessibility\/\">7.Digital Accessibility<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/disability-and-dyslexia\/\">8.Disability and Reasonable adjustments<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/theme-overview\/inclusivity\/international-students\/\">9.International students<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Or how about another theme?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/theme-overview\/employability\/\">Employability<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/theme-overview\/sustainability\/\">Sustainability<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"An Inclusivity Theme Page The changing demographic of our student population over the last 30 years has been driven by political, economic, educational, social, and technological advances. Our student and [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":9344,"featured_media":0,"parent":309,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4613","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-inclusivity"],"meta_box":{"cu_accordion":"","cu_alert":"","cu_tabs":"","cu_quote":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4613","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9344"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4613"}],"version-history":[{"count":155,"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4613\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9034,"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4613\/revisions\/9034"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/309"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4613"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4613"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.cardiff.ac.uk\/education-development-toolkit\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4613"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}